Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Research Group on Food and Nutrition (ALINUT), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 17;18(2):756. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020756.
Weightlifting is a discipline where technique and anthropometric characteristics are essential to achieve the best results in competitions. This study aims to analyse the relationships between body composition, limb length and barbell kinematics in the performance of weightlifters. It consists of an observational and descriptive study of 19 athletes (12 men [28.50 ± 6.37 years old; 84.58 ± 14.11 kg; 176.18 ± 6.85 cm] and 7 women [27.71 ± 6.34 years old; 64.41 ± 7.63 kg; 166.94 ± 4.11 cm]) who met the inclusion criteria. A level I anthropometrist took anthropometric measures according to the methodology of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), and the measurement of the barbell velocity was made with the software Kinovea. In terms of body composition, both genders are within the percentage range of fat mass recommended for this sport. In female weightlifters, there is a positive correlation between foot length, maximal velocity in the Snatch (ρ = 0.775, = 0.041), and performance indicator in the Snatch and the Clean & Jerk (ρ = 0.964, < 0.001; ρ = 0.883, = 0.008, respectively). In male weightlifters, a positive correlation between tibial length and average velocity of the barbell in the Snatch is observed (ρ = 0.848, < 0.001). Muscle mass percentage correlates positively with performance indicator in both techniques (ρ = 0.634, = 0.027; ρ = 0.720, = 0.008). Also, the relative length of the upper limb is negatively correlated with the performance indicator (ρ = -0.602, = 0.038). Anthropometry and body composition may facilitate skill acquisition among this sport population, contributing to increase the limited body of scientific knowledge related to weightlifting.
举重是一项需要技术和人体测量特征的运动，对于在比赛中取得最佳成绩至关重要。本研究旨在分析举重运动员的身体成分、肢体长度和杠铃运动学之间的关系。这是一项对 19 名运动员（12 名男性[28.50 ± 6.37 岁；84.58 ± 14.11 千克；176.18 ± 6.85 厘米]和 7 名女性[27.71 ± 6.34 岁；64.41 ± 7.63 千克；166.94 ± 4.11 厘米]）的观察性和描述性研究，这些运动员符合纳入标准。一位一级人体测量学家根据国际运动人体测量学协会（ISAK）的方法进行了人体测量，并用 Kinovea 软件测量了杠铃速度。就身体成分而言，男女运动员的体脂百分比都在该运动推荐的范围内。在女性举重运动员中，足长与抓举的最大速度（ρ=0.775，=0.041）以及抓举和挺举的成绩指标之间呈正相关（ρ=0.964， <0.001；ρ=0.883，=0.008）。在男性举重运动员中，观察到胫骨长度与抓举中杠铃的平均速度之间呈正相关（ρ=0.848， <0.001）。肌肉质量百分比与两种技术的成绩指标呈正相关（ρ=0.634，=0.027；ρ=0.720，=0.008）。此外，上肢的相对长度与成绩指标呈负相关（ρ=-0.602，=0.038）。人体测量学和身体成分可能有助于该运动人群掌握技能，有助于增加与举重相关的有限科学知识。
