Duke Stephen O, Baerson Scott R, Dayan Franck E, Rimando Agnes M, Scheffler Brian E, Tellez Mario R, Wedge David E, Schrader Kevin K, Akey David H, Arthur Frank H, De Lucca Anthony J, Gibson Donna M, Harrison Howard F, Peterson Joseph K, Gealy David R, Tworkoski Thomas, Wilson Charles L, Morris J Brad
USDA, ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2003 Jun-Jul;59(6-7):708-17. doi: 10.1002/ps.633.
Recent research of the Agricultural Research Service of USDA on the use of natural products to manage pests is summarized. Studies of the use of both phytochemicals and diatomaceous earth to manage insect pests are discussed. Chemically characterized compounds, such as a saponin from pepper (Capsicum frutescens L), benzaldehyde, chitosan and 2-deoxy-D-glucose are being studied as natural fungicides. Resin glycosides for pathogen resistance in sweet potato and residues of semi-tropical leguminous plants for nematode control are also under investigation. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds with potential use as herbicides or herbicide leads is underway at several locations. New natural phytotoxin molecular target sites (asparagine synthetase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase) have been discovered. Weed control in sweet potato and rice by allelopathy is under investigation. Molecular approaches to enhance allelopathy in sorghum are also being undertaken. The genes for polyketide synthases involved in production of pesticidal polyketide compounds in fungi are found to provide clues for pesticide discovery. Gene expression profiles in response to fungicides and herbicides are being generated as tools to understand more fully the mode of action and to rapidly determine the molecular target site of new, natural fungicides and herbicides.
美国农业部农业研究局近期关于使用天然产物防治害虫的研究进行了总结。讨论了使用植物化学物质和硅藻土防治害虫的研究。化学特征明确的化合物，如辣椒（辣椒属）中的一种皂苷、苯甲醛、壳聚糖和2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖，正作为天然杀菌剂进行研究。甘薯中用于抗病的树脂糖苷以及用于防治线虫的亚热带豆科植物残留物也在研究中。几个地方正在进行生物测定指导下的具有潜在除草剂用途或除草剂先导化合物的化合物分离工作。已发现新的天然植物毒素分子靶位点（天冬酰胺合成酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶）。正在研究通过化感作用控制甘薯和水稻中的杂草。也在采用分子方法增强高粱的化感作用。发现参与真菌中杀虫聚酮化合物生产的聚酮合酶基因可为农药发现提供线索。正在生成对杀菌剂和除草剂作出反应的基因表达谱，作为更全面了解作用模式以及快速确定新型天然杀菌剂和除草剂分子靶位点的工具。
