Ainslie Philip, Reilly Thomas, Westerterp Klass
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 209, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Sports Med. 2003;33(9):683-98. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333090-00004.
This review includes an historical overview of the techniques for measuring energy expenditure (EE). Following this overview, the "gold standard" method of measuring EE, the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, is emphasised. Other methods, such as direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry systems, heart rate and EE relationships, questionnaires and activity recall, motion sensors, combined heart rate and motion sensors for the estimation of EE are then highlighted in relation to their validation against the DLW method. The major advantages and disadvantages for each method are then considered. The preferred method to determine EE is likely to depend principally on factors such as the number of study participants to be monitored, the time period of measurements and the finances available. Small study participant numbers over a short period may be measured accurately by means of indirect calorimetric methods (stationary and portable systems). For periods over 3-4 days, EE should ideally be measured using the DLW method. However, the use of motion sensors is very promising in the measurement of EE, and has a number of advantages over the DLW method. Furthermore, if used correctly, both heart rate and questionnaire methods may provide valuable estimates of EE. Additional studies are needed to examine the possibility of improving the accuracy of measurement by combining two or more techniques. Such information, if confirmed by scientific rigour, may lead to an improvement in the estimation of EE and population-based physical activity levels. The accurate measurement of physical activity and EE is critical from both a research and health prospective. A consideration of the relevant techniques used for the estimation of EE may also help improve the quality of these frequently reported measurements.
本综述涵盖了测量能量消耗（EE）技术的历史概况。在此概述之后，重点介绍了测量EE的“金标准”方法——双标水（DLW）法。接着强调了其他方法，如直接量热法、间接量热系统、心率与EE的关系、问卷调查和活动回顾、运动传感器，以及用于估计EE的心率与运动传感器组合，并将它们与DLW法的验证情况进行了对比。随后考虑了每种方法的主要优缺点。确定EE的首选方法可能主要取决于诸如待监测的研究参与者数量、测量时间段和可用资金等因素。对于短期内少量的研究参与者，可通过间接量热法（固定和便携式系统）进行准确测量。对于超过3 - 4天的时间段，理想情况下应使用DLW法测量EE。然而，运动传感器在EE测量方面非常有前景，并且相对于DLW法有许多优势。此外，如果使用得当，心率法和问卷调查法都可能提供有价值的EE估计值。需要进一步的研究来探讨通过结合两种或更多技术提高测量准确性的可能性。如果这些信息经过科学严谨性的验证，可能会改善EE估计以及基于人群的身体活动水平。从研究和健康的角度来看，准确测量身体活动和EE至关重要。考虑用于估计EE的相关技术也可能有助于提高这些经常报告的测量的质量。
