[Graft versus host disease with fatal outcome after administration of filtered erythrocyte concentrates].

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) resulting from the engraftment of competent lymphocytes contained in blood products has been well described in immunocompromised patients and more recently in immunocompetent patients. Prophylactic irradiation of blood products prior to transfusion is the most efficient way to prevent TA-GVHD. Standard blood bank measures to reduce mononuclear cell contamination in red blood cell units, such as freezing, washing and filtration, may reduce the number of viable lymphocytes to prevent immunizations. However, it is unknown whether the depletion of leukocytes with these techniques would decrease the risk of TA-GVHD. In this report we describe the first case of TA-GVHD following transfusion of filtrated red blood cells given to a patient receiving cytotoxic therapy for Hodgkin's disease.