Akdis Cezmi A, Blaser Kurt
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Jul;112(1):15-22. doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.1585.
Histamine was the first mediator implicated in mechanisms of allergy, asthma, and anaphylactic shock because it has been discovered to mimic several features of these diseases. In addition to its well-characterized effects in the acute inflammatory and allergic responses, it was recently demonstrated that histamine regulates several essential events in the immune response. Histamine affects the maturation of immune system cells and alters their activation, polarization, chemotaxis, and effector functions. Histamine also regulates antigen-specific T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells, as well as related antibody isotype responses. Histamine binds to 4 different G protein-coupled receptors that transduce signals to cells through distinct pathways. The expression of these receptors on different cells and cell subsets is regulated, and apparently, the diverse effects of histamine on immune regulation are due to differential expression of 4 histamine receptors and their distinct intracellular signals. This article highlights novel discoveries in histamine immunobiology and discusses clinical findings or disease models that indicate immune regulation by histamine.
组胺是首个被认为与过敏、哮喘和过敏性休克机制有关的介质，因为人们发现它能模拟这些疾病的多种特征。除了在急性炎症和过敏反应中具有明确的作用外，最近还证明组胺可调节免疫反应中的几个关键事件。组胺影响免疫系统细胞的成熟，并改变其激活、极化、趋化性和效应功能。组胺还调节抗原特异性T(H)1和T(H)2细胞以及相关抗体同种型反应。组胺与4种不同的G蛋白偶联受体结合，这些受体通过不同途径将信号转导至细胞。这些受体在不同细胞和细胞亚群上的表达受到调节，显然，组胺对免疫调节的多种作用是由于4种组胺受体的差异表达及其独特的细胞内信号所致。本文重点介绍了组胺免疫生物学的新发现，并讨论了表明组胺免疫调节作用的临床发现或疾病模型。
