Eagly Alice H, Johannesen-Schmidt Mary C, van Engen Marloes L
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2003 Jul;129(4):569-91. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569.
A meta-analysis of 45 studies of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles found that female leaders were more transformational than male leaders and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviors that are a component of transactional leadership. Male leaders were generally more likely to manifest the other aspects of transactional leadership (active and passive management by exception) and laissez-faire leadership. Although these differences between male and female leaders were small, the implications of these findings are encouraging for female leadership because other research has established that all of the aspects of leadership style on which women exceeded men relate positively to leaders' effectiveness whereas all of the aspects on which men exceeded women have negative or null relations to effectiveness.
一项对45项关于变革型、交易型和放任型领导风格研究的荟萃分析发现，女性领导者比男性领导者更具变革性，并且在交易型领导的组成部分——权变奖励行为方面也表现得更多。男性领导者通常更有可能表现出交易型领导的其他方面（主动和被动例外管理）以及放任型领导。尽管男女领导者之间的这些差异很小，但这些发现的意义对女性领导力来说是令人鼓舞的，因为其他研究已经证实，女性超过男性领导风格的所有方面都与领导者的有效性呈正相关，而男性超过女性的所有方面与有效性呈负相关或无相关性。
