Molitor Adriana, Mayes Linda C, Ward Anna
Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2003 Winter;15(1):39-54. doi: 10.1017/s0954579403000038.
This study examined the association between maternal cocaine use and children's emotional regulation. Using a brief separation procedure, we observed 78 18-month-old at-risk children and their mothers from three defined maternal groups: no drug use; no cocaine use but a positive history for alcohol, tobacco, and/or marijuana; and cocaine use with or without alcohol, tobacco, and/or marijuana. Coded videotaped behavior identified three maternal constructs (separation style, physical engagement, and emotional engagement) and three child constructs (negative reactivity to separation, initial regulatory activity, and follow-up positive emotional engagement). Cocaine-using mothers displayed less emotional engagement than other mothers. Children with cocaine-using mothers displayed less negative reactivity and follow-up positive emotional engagement than their counterparts. Child reactivity was connected to maternal drug use, whereas emotional engagement during reunion was linked to birthweight and maternal behavior. Results suggest a possible impairment or restriction of emotional expression and regulation in the face of stress and/or maternal disengagement that is more common among cocaine-exposed children with their mothers.
本研究考察了母亲使用可卡因与儿童情绪调节之间的关联。通过一个简短的分离程序，我们观察了来自三个明确母亲群体的78名18个月大的高危儿童及其母亲：不使用药物；不使用可卡因但有酒精、烟草和/或大麻使用史；使用可卡因，无论是否同时使用酒精、烟草和/或大麻。对录像行为进行编码，确定了三种母亲特质（分离方式、身体接触和情感接触）和三种儿童特质（对分离的负面反应、初始调节活动和后续积极情感接触）。使用可卡因的母亲比其他母亲表现出更少的情感接触。母亲使用可卡因的儿童比其他儿童表现出更少的负面反应和后续积极情感接触。儿童的反应与母亲的药物使用有关，而重聚时的情感接触则与出生体重和母亲行为有关。结果表明，面对压力和/或母亲的疏离，情绪表达和调节可能受到损害或限制，这在与母亲接触过可卡因的儿童中更为常见。
