Weinberg M Katherine, Olson Karen L, Beeghly Marjorie, Tronick Edward Z
Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;47(7):670-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01545.x.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the interactions of mothers with normative or high levels of depressive symptomatology on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and their 3-month-old infants. Although successful mutual regulation of affect is critical to children's socio-emotional development, little is known about the factors that influence dyadic processes such as synchrony, matching, mismatching, and bi-directionality during early infancy. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of maternal depressive symptom status, infant gender, and interactional context on mother-infant affective expressiveness and the dyadic features of their interactions.
Participants were 133 mothers and their healthy full-term infants. Mothers were classified into three groups on the basis of their total score on the CES-D at 2 months of infant age: a high symptom group (CES-D score > or = 16), a mid symptom control group (CES-D score = 2-12), and a low symptom group (CES-D score = 0-1). Mothers and infants were then videotaped in the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm at 3 months of infant age. The mothers' and infants' affect during the interactions prior to (first play) and following the still-face (reunion play) were coded microanalytically using Izard's AFFEX system.
Results indicated that male as compared to female infants were more vulnerable to high levels of maternal depressive symptoms and that high symptom mothers and their sons had more difficult interactions in the challenging reunion episode.
The findings suggest that a cycle of mutual regulatory problems may become established between high symptom mothers and their sons, particularly in challenging social contexts. The long-term consequences of this early social interactive vulnerability in terms of later development need to be further investigated.
本研究的目的是评估在流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）上表现出正常或高水平抑郁症状的母亲与其3个月大婴儿之间的互动。尽管情感的成功相互调节对儿童的社会情感发展至关重要，但对于影响婴儿早期二元互动过程（如同步性、匹配性、不匹配性和双向性）的因素却知之甚少。因此，本研究评估了母亲抑郁症状状态、婴儿性别和互动情境对母婴情感表达及其互动二元特征的影响。
参与者为133名母亲及其健康的足月婴儿。母亲们根据婴儿2个月大时CES-D的总分被分为三组：高症状组（CES-D得分≥16）、中度症状对照组（CES-D得分=2-12）和低症状组（CES-D得分=0-1）。然后在婴儿3个月大时，采用面对面静止脸范式对母亲和婴儿进行录像。使用伊扎德的AFFEX系统对母亲和婴儿在静止脸之前（第一次玩耍）和之后（重逢玩耍）互动期间的情感进行微观分析编码。
结果表明，与女婴相比，男婴更容易受到高水平母亲抑郁症状的影响，并且高症状母亲及其儿子在具有挑战性的重逢情节中互动更困难。
研究结果表明，高症状母亲与其儿子之间可能会形成一个相互调节问题的循环，尤其是在具有挑战性的社会情境中。这种早期社会互动脆弱性对后期发展的长期影响需要进一步研究。
