Ross Sarah E, Greenberg Michael E, Stiles Charles D
Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Neuron. 2003 Jul 3;39(1):13-25. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00365-9.
Transcription factors with bHLH motifs modulate critical events in the development of the mammalian neocortex. Multipotent cortical progenitors are maintained in a proliferative state by bHLH factors from the Id and Hes families. The transition from proliferation to neurogenesis involves a coordinate increase in the activity of proneural bHLH factors (Mash1, Neurogenin1, and Neurogenin2) and a decrease in the activity of Hes and Id factors. As development proceeds, inhibition of proneural bHLH factors in cortical progenitors promotes the formation of astrocytes. Finally, the formation of oligodendrocytes is triggered by an increase in the activity of bHLH factors Olig1 and Olig2 that may be coupled with a decrease in Id activity. Thus, bHLH factors have key roles in corticogenesis, affecting the timing of differentiation and the specification of cell fate.
具有bHLH基序的转录因子调节哺乳动物新皮质发育中的关键事件。来自Id和Hes家族的bHLH因子使多能皮质祖细胞维持在增殖状态。从增殖到神经发生的转变涉及神经源性bHLH因子（Mash1、Neurogenin1和Neurogenin2）活性的协同增加以及Hes和Id因子活性的降低。随着发育的进行，皮质祖细胞中神经源性bHLH因子的抑制促进了星形胶质细胞的形成。最后，少突胶质细胞的形成是由bHLH因子Olig1和Olig2活性的增加触发的，这可能与Id活性的降低有关。因此，bHLH因子在皮质发生中起关键作用，影响分化的时间和细胞命运的特化。
