Kobayashi Masahito, Pascual-Leone Alvaro
Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Lancet Neurol. 2003 Mar;2(3):145-56. doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00321-1.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool for the electrical stimulation of neural tissue, including cerebral cortex, spinal roots, and cranial and peripheral nerves. TMS can be applied as single pulses of stimulation, pairs of stimuli separated by variable intervals to the same or different brain areas, or as trains of repetitive stimuli at various frequencies. Single stimuli can depolarise neurons and evoke measurable effects. Trains of stimuli (repetitive TMS) can modify excitability of the cerebral cortex at the stimulated site and also at remote areas along functional anatomical connections. TMS might provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of the neural circuitry underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders, be developed into clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic tests, and have therapeutic uses in various diseases. This potential is supported by the available studies, but more work is needed to establish the role of TMS in clinical neurology.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种用于电刺激神经组织的非侵入性工具，神经组织包括大脑皮层、脊神经根以及颅神经和周围神经。TMS可以作为单个刺激脉冲应用，也可以将成对的刺激以可变间隔施加到相同或不同的脑区，或者作为不同频率的重复刺激序列应用。单个刺激可使神经元去极化并引发可测量的效应。刺激序列（重复经颅磁刺激）可改变受刺激部位以及沿功能解剖连接的远处区域的大脑皮层兴奋性。TMS可能为神经和精神疾病潜在的神经回路病理生理学提供新的见解，有望开发成临床有用的诊断和预后测试手段，并在各种疾病中具有治疗用途。现有研究支持了这种潜力，但仍需要更多工作来确立TMS在临床神经病学中的作用。
