Maguire H, Heptonstall J, Begg N T
South West Thames Regional Health Authority.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1992 Sep 11;2(10):R114-7.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is endemic in developing countries and remains a public health problem elsewhere. A total of 7430 cases was notified in England and Wales in 1991. Children and young adults were most frequently affected. Risk factors include travel to countries of high endemicity, contact with an infected person and shellfish consumption. Person-to-person spread is common within families, closely knit communities and schools (especially nurseries). The provision of safe water and sanitary disposal of faeces are prerequisites for control of HAV throughout the world. In developed countries, human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) is used for post-exposure prophylaxis and is given to those travelling abroad prior to possible exposure. Recommendations for the use of hepatitis A vaccine have have recently been made but it is expensive. Further studies on risk factors for infection, and on the efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in outbreak control, are needed.
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染在发展中国家呈地方性流行，在其他地区仍是一个公共卫生问题。1991年，英格兰和威尔士共报告了7430例病例。儿童和年轻人最常受到影响。危险因素包括前往高流行国家旅行、与感染者接触以及食用贝类。在家庭、紧密社区和学校（尤其是托儿所）中，人际传播很常见。提供安全饮用水和粪便卫生处理是全球控制甲型肝炎病毒的先决条件。在发达国家，人正常免疫球蛋白（HNIG）用于暴露后预防，并给予那些在可能接触之前出国旅行的人。最近已就甲型肝炎疫苗的使用提出了建议，但价格昂贵。需要进一步研究感染的危险因素以及甲型肝炎疫苗在疫情控制中的效果。
