Ley Klaus
Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Microcirculation. 2003 Jun;10(3-4):289-95. doi: 10.1038/sj.mn.7800194.
In most organs, leukocyte attachment to the endothelium of blood vessels requires capture and rolling before firm adhesion is initiated by integrin activation and/or redistribution, which can be initiated by immobilized chemokines binding their cognate receptors on rolling cells. Such arrest chemokines are present on the endothelial surface under physiologic or pathologic conditions, necessary, and sufficient to trigger arrest. Although many chemokines can be immobilized and cause arrest of rolling cells in flow chambers, only four have so far been shown to function as arrest chemokines under physiologic conditions, although the actual number could be much higher. Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) (CCL21) on high endothelial venules triggers arrest of rolling lymphocytes, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) (mouse Gro-alpha, CXCL1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (CCL2), and regulated on activation, normal T cell exposed and secreted (RANTES) (CCL5) trigger arrest of rolling monocytes. Remarkably, no arrest chemokine for neutrophils under inflammatory conditions has been found so far.
在大多数器官中，白细胞附着于血管内皮需要先捕获并滚动，然后通过整合素激活和/或重新分布引发牢固黏附，而这可由固定化趋化因子与滚动细胞上的同源受体结合来启动。此类驻留趋化因子在生理或病理条件下存在于内皮表面，是触发驻留所必需且充分的。尽管许多趋化因子可被固定化并在流动腔室中导致滚动细胞驻留，但迄今为止只有四种趋化因子在生理条件下发挥驻留趋化因子的功能，不过实际数量可能更多。高内皮微静脉上的二级淋巴组织趋化因子（SLC）（CCL21）触发滚动淋巴细胞驻留，角质形成细胞衍生趋化因子（KC）（小鼠Gro-α，CXCL1）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）（CCL2）以及活化时表达和分泌的正常T细胞调节因子（RANTES）（CCL5）触发滚动单核细胞驻留。值得注意的是，迄今为止尚未发现炎症条件下嗜中性粒细胞的驻留趋化因子。
