Lutz Peter L, Prentice Howard M, Milton Sarah L
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2003 Jul;38(7):797-800. doi: 10.1016/s0531-5565(03)00111-6.
We suggest that the processes that protect the turtle brain against anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation might also contribute to turtle longevity since many of them are linked to age related neurodegeneration. In the turtle the mechanisms for conserving ion channel function are particularly robust. The anoxic turtle brain avoids excitatory neurotransmitter toxicity by maintaining a balance between dopamine and glutamate-release and still active uptake mechanisms. In the anoxic turtle brain the inhibitory tone is strengthened through a sustained rise in extracellular GABA, and a corresponding increase in the density of GABA(A) receptors. The turtle has enhanced mechanisms that protect against the formation of ROS and mechanisms to protect from ROS damage. As many of these may be selectively activated during anoxia and recovery, the turtle could serve as a useful model to identify and investigate mechanisms for activating key protection and rescue mechanisms implicated in aging.
我们认为，保护海龟大脑免受缺氧及随后的复氧影响的过程，可能也对海龟的长寿有贡献，因为其中许多过程都与年龄相关的神经退行性变有关。在海龟中，保存离子通道功能的机制特别强大。缺氧的海龟大脑通过维持多巴胺和谷氨酸释放之间的平衡以及仍然活跃的摄取机制，避免兴奋性神经递质毒性。在缺氧的海龟大脑中，通过细胞外GABA的持续升高以及GABA(A)受体密度的相应增加，抑制性张力得到增强。海龟具有增强的防止ROS形成的机制以及防止ROS损伤的机制。由于其中许多机制可能在缺氧和恢复过程中被选择性激活，海龟可以作为一个有用的模型，用于识别和研究激活与衰老相关的关键保护和救援机制的机制。
