Kubinyi Eniko, Topál József, Miklósi Adám, Csányi Vilmos
Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
J Comp Psychol. 2003 Jun;117(2):156-65. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.117.2.156.
Eighty-seven pet dogs (Canis familiaris) were involved in an experiment in which they had to solve a task to obtain a ball. After witnessing a full demonstration by their owner (10 times pushing the handle of the box, which released a ball), most dogs preferred to touch the handle sooner and more frequently in comparison with other parts of the box, and they used the handle to get the ball. In contrast, dogs in 3 control groups developed their own respective methods. The lack of emergence of the ball and playing after the demonstration did not affect the learning performance strongly. This suggests that in dogs the outcome of a demonstration plays only a restricted role in the manifestation of social learning.
八十七只宠物狗（家犬）参与了一项实验，在实验中它们必须完成一项任务才能拿到球。在目睹主人进行完整演示（10次推动盒子的把手，把手会释放出一个球）后，与盒子的其他部分相比，大多数狗更喜欢更快且更频繁地触碰把手，并且它们会用把手来拿到球。相比之下，3个对照组的狗则各自想出了不同的方法。演示后球未出现以及玩耍这一情况对学习表现的影响并不强烈。这表明在狗身上，示范的结果在社会学习的表现中仅起有限的作用。
