Tomasek Maëlan, Soller Katinka, Jordan Alex
Behavioural Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz 78467, Germany.
LAboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et COgnitive, UMR6024, CNRS, UCA, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France.
Biol Lett. 2025 Feb;21(2):20240558. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0558. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
Many animal species have been shown to discriminate between individual humans in captive settings and may use a variety of cues to do so. Empirical evidence remains scarce for animals in the wild, however, particularly in aquatic contexts. For the first time, we investigated discrimination of individual humans by fish in the wild. We first trained two species of fish, saddled sea bream and black sea bream , to follow a human diver to obtain a food reward. We then investigated whether they could discriminate between two human divers and follow the correct one in an operant-conditioning paradigm. We show that both species were able to quickly learn to discriminate between the two divers when they wore different diving gear. However, they showed no preference when both divers wore identical gear, suggesting that discrimination is based predominantly on visual cues from the dive gear. We discuss the implications of these results for ethical considerations and research practices.
许多动物物种已被证明在圈养环境中能够区分不同的个体人类，并且可能会使用各种线索来做到这一点。然而，对于野生动物，尤其是水生环境中的动物，实证证据仍然很少。我们首次对野生环境中的鱼类对个体人类的辨别能力进行了研究。我们首先训练了两种鱼类，鞍带石斑鱼和黑鲷，跟随一名人类潜水员以获得食物奖励。然后，我们研究它们是否能够在操作性条件反射范式中区分两名人类潜水员并跟随正确的那一位。我们发现，当两名潜水员穿着不同的潜水装备时，这两种鱼都能够迅速学会区分他们。然而，当两名潜水员都穿着相同的装备时，它们没有表现出偏好，这表明辨别主要基于来自潜水装备的视觉线索。我们讨论了这些结果对伦理考量和研究实践的影响。
