坦桑尼亚高中生对五门大学专业课程的态度。

Tanzanian high school students' attitude towards five university professional courses.

作者信息

Kikwilu E N, Mugonzibwa E A, Rugarabamu P G, Ntabaye M K

机构信息

Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

出版信息

East Afr Med J. 2000 Mar;77(3):143-6. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v77i3.46610.

DOI:10.4314/eamj.v77i3.46610

PMID:12858889

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To determine the attitude of high school students majoring in Physics, Chemistry and Biology (PCB) towards Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine and Nursing as professions at university.

DESIGN

A cross sectional study of a representative sample of high school students using a pretested attitudinal questionnaire. Attitude components tested were degree of liking, degree of admiration and intentions to visit a professional at work.

SETTING

High schools in Tanzania mainland majoring in PCB.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

All 352 high school students from a representative sample of five schools: two boy-schools; two girl-schools; and one mixed gender-school participated by filling in a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables on age, sex, class, education and employment status of father and mother as background variables, and questions on the degree of liking, admiration and preference to visit a particular professional at work. All the attitudinal questions were scored on a 5-point scale. Scores for the three-attitudinal components were summed to group subjects into positive, neutral and negative attitude.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

Attitude of students to five professions they could study at a higher level.

RESULTS

Eighty seven percent of the high school students had a positive attitude towards medicine, 66% towards pharmacy, 40% dentistry, 12% veterinary and 9% nursing. Dentistry and veterinary had the highest percentage of students (46.5% and 37.3%) who had a neutral attitude towards the professions, and the highest percentage of students (11.7% and 9.9%) who reported to have had no sufficient information to enable them indicate whether they admired dentistry and veterinary medicine or not. Significantly more girls than boys liked, admired and preferred to study nursing (chi2 varied from 11.39 to 12.99; p-value < 0.005).

CONCLUSION

Medicine was the most liked profession while nursing was the least liked. Pharmacy, dentistry and veterinary medicine fell in between. There was insufficient knowledge about dentistry and veterinary medicine among the high school students.

摘要

目的

确定主修物理、化学和生物学（PCB）的高中生对大学阶段医学、药学、牙科、兽医学和护理学专业的态度。

设计

使用预先测试的态度问卷对高中生代表性样本进行横断面研究。测试的态度成分包括喜欢程度、钦佩程度以及去工作场所拜访专业人士的意向。

背景

坦桑尼亚大陆主修PCB的高中。

对象与方法

来自五所学校（两所男校、两所女校和一所男女混合学校）的352名高中生参与并填写了问卷。问卷包括年龄、性别、班级、父母的教育和就业状况等人口统计学变量作为背景变量，以及关于喜欢程度、钦佩程度和去工作场所拜访特定专业人士的偏好等问题。所有态度问题采用5分制评分。将三个态度成分的得分相加，把研究对象分为积极、中性和消极态度组。

主要观察指标

学生对他们可以在更高层次学习的五个专业的态度。

结果

87%的高中生对医学持积极态度，66%对药学持积极态度，40%对牙科持积极态度，12%对兽医学持积极态度，9%对护理学持积极态度。牙科和兽医学持中性态度的学生比例最高（分别为46.5%和37.3%），且表示没有足够信息来表明是否钦佩牙科和兽医学的学生比例也最高（分别为11.7%和9.9%）。明显有更多女生比男生喜欢、钦佩并更愿意学习护理专业（卡方值在11.39至12.99之间；p值<0.005）。