Louie Peter K K, Sin Della Wai-mei
Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 33/F, Revenue Tower, Wanchai HKSAR, China.
Chemosphere. 2003 Sep;52(9):1397-403. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00475-2.
Air samples were collected for characterisation of PCDD/Fs and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as aldrin, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH, gamma-HCH, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan I and II, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and hexachlorobenzene during the winter of 2000/2001 at the weather station of the Hong Kong Observatory at Tai Mo Shan (TMS), which is the highest point (approximately 957 m) in Hong Kong, besides the routine monitoring of PCDD/Fs and 200 other toxic air pollutants (TAPs) at two urban TAPs stations at Tsuen Wan and Central & Western. Concentrations of the pollutants detected at TMS station were evaluated and compared to those recorded at the urban stations. Though pesticides including alpha-HCH, hexachlorobenzene, DDT, DDE, heptachlor, and endosulfan I were detected, these pesticides were found at relatively low concentrations of about 0.02-0.23 ng/m3 and should not have any significant health effects. Concentrations of some of the monitored POPs were found to be higher whilst most of the monitored TAPs were at comparable levels to those measured at the urban stations during the same period. According to the Stockholm Convention on POPs (May 2001), the 12 chemicals labelled by the United Nations as the most dangerous are: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex, toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene, PCBs and dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs)/(PCDFs). Given that there has not been any large scale use of organo-chlorine pesticides recorded since the decline of local farming activities in recent years, the results of the present study again show that pesticides and POPs such as PCDDs/PCDFs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants present in the atmosphere of Hong Kong. The findings also indicate that organo-chlorine pesticides and PCDDs/PCDFs are among the most prevalent chlorinated semi-volatile pollutants present in Hong Kong. Results obtained in the present study suggest that selected pesticides may be used as tracers for transport of pollutants for regional air quality study.
2000/2001年冬季，在香港大帽山（TMS）香港天文台气象站采集空气样本，以测定多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）及其他持久性有机污染物（POPs），如艾氏剂、α-六氯环己烷、β-六氯环己烷、δ-六氯环己烷、γ-六氯环己烷、o,p'-滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴涕、o,p'-二氯二苯乙烯、p,p'-二氯二苯乙烯、o,p'-滴滴滴、p,p'-滴滴滴、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、硫丹I和II、七氯、七氯环氧化物和六氯苯。除了在荃湾和中西区的两个城市有毒空气污染物（TAPs）监测站对PCDD/Fs和其他200种有毒空气污染物进行常规监测外，还进行了上述监测。对在大帽山监测站检测到的污染物浓度进行了评估，并与在城市监测站记录的浓度进行了比较。尽管检测到了包括α-六氯环己烷、六氯苯、滴滴涕、二氯二苯乙烯、七氯和硫丹I在内的农药，但这些农药的浓度相对较低，约为0.02 - 0.23 ng/m3，预计不会对健康产生重大影响。发现一些监测的持久性有机污染物浓度较高，而大多数监测的有毒空气污染物浓度与同期在城市监测站测量的浓度相当。根据《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》（2001年5月），联合国标记为最危险的12种化学品为：艾氏剂、氯丹、滴滴涕、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯、灭蚁灵、毒杀芬、六氯苯、多氯联苯和二苯并对二噁英/二苯并呋喃（PCDDs）/（PCDFs）。鉴于近年来当地农业活动减少后，没有记录到有机氯农药的大规模使用，本研究结果再次表明，农药和PCDDs/PCDFs等持久性有机污染物是香港大气中普遍存在的环境污染物。研究结果还表明，有机氯农药和PCDDs/PCDFs是香港最普遍存在的氯化半挥发性污染物之一。本研究获得的结果表明，选定的农药可作为区域空气质量研究中污染物传输的示踪剂。
