Masterman Paul W, Kelly Adrian B
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, PMB 50, Gold Coast Mail Centre, 4217, Australia.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003 Jun;24(4):347-55. doi: 10.1016/s0740-5472(03)00047-3.
Alcohol use usually starts in early adolescence. While the greater proportion of young people develop adaptive patterns of drinking, many drink at harmful levels and may be at risk for future alcohol-related problems. Findings from the empirical literature suggest that universal prevention programs may delay onset of drinking among low-risk baseline abstainers; however, there is little evidence supporting their utility for at-risk adolescents. Further research is needed on how risk and protective factors interact to determine substance use trajectory, and intervention outcomes that take substance use trajectories into account may capture change more effectively than the use of absolute measures of substance use. Indicated prevention programs may benefit from modulations that account for adolescent individuation and identity formation. It is argued that motivational interviewing within a harm reduction framework is well suited to adolescents.
饮酒行为通常始于青春期早期。虽然大部分年轻人形成了适应性的饮酒模式，但许多人饮酒量有害，可能面临未来与酒精相关问题的风险。实证文献的研究结果表明，普遍性预防项目可能会推迟低风险基线戒酒者开始饮酒的时间；然而，几乎没有证据支持这些项目对有风险的青少年有用。需要进一步研究风险和保护因素如何相互作用以确定物质使用轨迹，并且考虑物质使用轨迹的干预结果可能比使用物质使用的绝对测量方法更有效地捕捉变化。针对性预防项目可能会从考虑青少年个性化和身份形成的调整中受益。有人认为，在减少伤害框架内的动机性访谈非常适合青少年。
