Beliles Robert P
Toxicol Ind Health. 2002 Mar;18(2):91-106. doi: 10.1191/0748233702th137oa.
Reproductive and developmental toxicities resulting from exposure to tetrachloroethylene include delayed or impaired conception, sperm quality, death during development, developmental neurotoxicity, and growth retardation. In most cases there was concordance between rodents and humans. The risk assessments indicated that neurotoxicity was the most sensitive endpoint for inhalation, whereas growth retardation was the most sensitive endpoint when exposure was by the oral route. The reference concentration (RfC) of 0.01 ppm was based on neurotoxicity among human subjects. The reference dose (RfD) of 0.0006 mg/kg per day was based on small for gestation age infants. In both cases, studies in rodents supported the credibility of these assessments. For the RfD, similar findings for other trihalomethanes have been reported. The latter part of pregnancy and early life may constitute a susceptible period for alterations leading to behavioral deficits. During this period, the capacity to metabolize tetrachloroethylene is reduced and may further contribute to the sensitivity during this phase of development. Studies suggest that an effect on dopamine metabolism is a plausible mode of action for some types of neurotoxicity. In addition, it has been suggested that this alteration may affect reproductive integrity by influencing prolactin levels.
接触四氯乙烯导致的生殖和发育毒性包括受孕延迟或受损、精子质量、发育期间死亡、发育性神经毒性和生长迟缓。在大多数情况下，啮齿动物和人类之间存在一致性。风险评估表明，神经毒性是吸入途径最敏感的终点指标，而生长迟缓是经口途径暴露时最敏感的终点指标。0.01 ppm的参考浓度（RfC）基于人类受试者的神经毒性。0.0006 mg/kg/天的参考剂量（RfD）基于小于胎龄儿。在这两种情况下，啮齿动物研究都支持了这些评估的可信度。对于RfD，已报道其他三卤甲烷有类似发现。妊娠后期和生命早期可能是导致行为缺陷改变的易感期。在此期间，代谢四氯乙烯的能力降低，可能进一步导致此发育阶段的敏感性增加。研究表明，对多巴胺代谢的影响是某些类型神经毒性的一种合理作用模式。此外，有人认为这种改变可能通过影响催乳素水平而影响生殖完整性。
