Blümel Juan Enrique, Castelo-Branco Camil, Roncagliolo María E, Binfa Lorena, Sarrá Salvador
Departamento de Medicina Sur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau, Fundación PROSAM.
Rev Med Chil. 2003 Apr;131(4):381-9.
It is generally accepted that menopause significantly modifies cardiovascular risk. The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on this risk remain controversial.
To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) in middle-aged women and their changes with aging, menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 576 women aged 40 to 59 years in 1991-92. Five years later, 467 of these women were reassessed.
Sedentarism (87.2%), dyslipidemias (71.5%), high blood pressure (13.5%), obesity (13.1%), smoking (12.4%) and diabetes (2.8%) were the most prevalent RF. Five years later, the prevalence of hypertension increased to 20.9%, the prevalence of obesity increased to 27.3%, smoking increased to 20.8% and diabetes to 5.9%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia did not change, although triglycerides levels rose from 125.9 +/- 56.4 to 136.8 +/- 63.5 mg/dl (p < 0.001). Sedentarism dropped to 58.8%. Menopause did not deteriorate any of these RF. The use of HRT increased during the 5 years follow-up from 3.8% to 35%. Women on HRT experienced 3% decrease in LDL-cholesterol and 9% increase in HDL-cholesterol levels.
Middle aged women included in this cohort have a high prevalence of RF. There is a deterioration with age, but not with menopause. HRT improves the lipid profile.
人们普遍认为绝经会显著改变心血管风险。激素替代疗法（HRT）对这种风险的影响仍存在争议。
研究中年女性心血管危险因素（RF）的患病率及其随衰老、绝经和激素替代疗法（HRT）的变化。
1991 - 1992年对576名40至59岁的女性进行了心血管危险因素评估。五年后，对其中467名女性进行了重新评估。
久坐不动（87.2%）、血脂异常（71.5%）、高血压（13.5%）、肥胖（13.1%）、吸烟（12.4%）和糖尿病（2.8%）是最常见的危险因素。五年后，高血压患病率增至20.9%，肥胖患病率增至27.3%，吸烟率增至20.8%，糖尿病患病率增至5.9%。血脂异常患病率未变，尽管甘油三酯水平从125.9±56.4升至136.8±63.5mg/dl（p<0.001）。久坐不动率降至58.8%。绝经并未使这些危险因素中的任何一项恶化。在5年随访期间，HRT的使用从3.8%增至35%。接受HRT的女性低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低3%，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高9%。
该队列中的中年女性危险因素患病率较高。危险因素随年龄增长而恶化，但与绝经无关。HRT可改善血脂状况。
