Campbell Alistair, Walker Judith, Farrell Gerry
James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4118.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;37(4):475-83. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01208.x.
This paper reviews research relating to the factor analysis of the GHQ-12. We explore the question of whether there is a consistent replicable structure to the GHQ-12 using: (i) a comparative analysis of fit between identified factor models; and (ii) a confirmatory factor analysis of GHQ-12 data from our own study.
The factor models proposed from the literature were reviewed. The published factor loadings were used to carry out a factor matching analysis to identify similarities between the various factor models that have been identified. In addition, 490 patients visiting their general practitioner completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in the first phase of a longitudinal study evaluating service delivery to rural Tasmania. Three different methods for scoring the GHQ-12 were utilized and each resultant data set was analysed using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to establish which of the various factor models provided the most consistent description of the data.
None of the complete factor models that have been proposed have been consistently replicated across studies. Isolated factors were replicated between some studies but no single factor structure was replicated across all studies. All of the models had adequate fit to the Tasmanian data when the usual scoring was used. However, only one model had a consistently high 'goodness of fit' across scoring methods.
It was concluded that the 'best fit' was achieved by a model based on an early factor analytic study using an Australian sample. It was suggested that researchers wanting to extract scales from the GHQ-12 could use this model.
本文回顾了与一般健康问卷-12（GHQ-12）因子分析相关的研究。我们探讨了GHQ-12是否存在一致可重复结构的问题，采用了以下方法：（i）对已识别的因子模型之间的拟合度进行比较分析；（ii）对我们自己研究中的GHQ-12数据进行验证性因子分析。
回顾了文献中提出的因子模型。利用已发表的因子载荷进行因子匹配分析，以确定已识别的各种因子模型之间的相似性。此外，在一项评估塔斯马尼亚农村地区服务提供情况的纵向研究的第一阶段，490名就诊于全科医生的患者完成了一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）。采用了三种不同的GHQ-12评分方法，并使用验证性因子分析（CFA）对每个所得数据集进行分析，以确定哪种因子模型对数据的描述最为一致。
已提出的完整因子模型在各项研究中均未得到一致重复。一些研究之间重复了孤立的因子，但没有一个单一的因子结构在所有研究中都得到重复。当使用常规评分时，所有模型对塔斯马尼亚数据的拟合度都足够。然而，只有一个模型在所有评分方法中都具有始终如一的高“拟合优度”。
得出的结论是，基于一项使用澳大利亚样本的早期因子分析研究的模型实现了“最佳拟合”。建议希望从GHQ-12中提取量表的研究人员可以使用该模型。
