Li An, Jang Jae-Kil, Scheff Peter A
School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2121 West Taylor Street, MC-922, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7260, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jul 1;37(13):2958-65. doi: 10.1021/es026309v.
A chemical mass balance model developed by the U.S. EPA, CMB8.2, was used to apportion the major sources of PAHs found in the sediments of Lake Calumet and surrounding wetlands in southeast Chicago. The results indicate the feasibility of applying CMB8.2 to pollutants found in aquatic sediments. To establish the fingerprints of PAH sources, 28 source profiles were collected from the literature. Some of the source profiles were modified based on the gas/particle partitioning of individual PAHs. The profiles under the same source category were averaged, and the fingerprints of six sources were established, including coke oven, residential coal burning, coal combustion in power generation, gasoline engine exhaust, diesel engine exhaust, and traffic tunnel air. Nine model operations with a total of 422 runs were made, differing in the choice of fitting species and the sources involved. Modeling results indicate that coke ovens and traffic are the two major sources of PAHs in the area. For traffic sources, either traffic tunnel alone or both diesel and gasoline engine exhausts were entered into the model. These two groups of model operations produced comparable results with regard to the PAH contributions from road traffic. Although the steel industries have shrunk in recent years, closed and still-active coke plants continue to contribute significantly to the PAH loadings. Overall, the average contribution from coke oven emissions calculated by different operations ranges from 21% to 53% of all sources, and that from traffic ranges from 27% to 63%. The pattern of source contributions shows spatial and temporal variations.
美国环境保护局开发的化学质量平衡模型CMB8.2，用于确定芝加哥东南部卡柳梅特湖及其周边湿地沉积物中多环芳烃的主要来源。结果表明，将CMB8.2应用于水生沉积物中的污染物具有可行性。为了确定多环芳烃来源的指纹图谱，从文献中收集了28个源谱。部分源谱根据单个多环芳烃的气/粒分配情况进行了修正。对同一源类别的谱进行平均，确定了六个来源的指纹图谱，包括焦炉、居民燃煤、发电用煤燃烧、汽油发动机尾气、柴油发动机尾气和交通隧道空气。进行了总共422次运行的九次模型操作，在拟合物种和涉及的来源选择上有所不同。建模结果表明，焦炉和交通是该地区多环芳烃的两个主要来源。对于交通源，模型中既可以单独输入交通隧道，也可以同时输入柴油和汽油发动机尾气。这两组模型操作在道路交通对多环芳烃的贡献方面产生了可比的结果。尽管近年来钢铁行业有所萎缩，但已关闭和仍在运营的焦化厂对多环芳烃负荷仍有显著贡献。总体而言，不同操作计算得出的焦炉排放平均贡献率在所有来源的21%至53%之间，交通的贡献率在27%至63%之间。源贡献模式呈现出空间和时间上的变化。
