Collins Adrian L, Blackwell Martin, Boeckx Pascal, Chivers Charlotte-Anne, Emelko Monica, Evrard Olivier, Foster Ian, Gellis Allen, Gholami Hamid, Granger Steve, Harris Paul, Horowitz Arthur J, Laceby J Patrick, Martinez-Carreras Nuria, Minella Jean, Mol Lisa, Nosrati Kazem, Pulley Simon, Silins Uldis, da Silva Yuri Jacques, Stone Micheal, Tiecher Tales, Upadhayay Hari Ram, Zhang Yusheng
Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK.
Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
J Soils Sediments. 2020;20(12):4160-4193. doi: 10.1007/s11368-020-02755-4. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
This review of sediment source fingerprinting assesses the current state-of-the-art, remaining challenges and emerging themes. It combines inputs from international scientists either with track records in the approach or with expertise relevant to progressing the science.
Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to review published papers spanning the period 2013-2019, inclusive, to confirm publication trends in quantities of papers by study area country and the types of tracers used. The most recent (2018-2019, inclusive) papers were also benchmarked using a methodological decision-tree published in 2017.
Areas requiring further research and international consensus on methodological detail are reviewed, and these comprise spatial variability in tracers and corresponding sampling implications for end-members, temporal variability in tracers and sampling implications for end-members and target sediment, tracer conservation and knowledge-based pre-selection, the physico-chemical basis for source discrimination and dissemination of fingerprinting results to stakeholders. Emerging themes are also discussed: novel tracers, concentration-dependence for biomarkers, combining sediment fingerprinting and age-dating, applications to sediment-bound pollutants, incorporation of supportive spatial information to augment discrimination and modelling, aeolian sediment source fingerprinting, integration with process-based models and development of open-access software tools for data processing.
The popularity of sediment source fingerprinting continues on an upward trend globally, but with this growth comes issues surrounding lack of standardisation and procedural diversity. Nonetheless, the last 2 years have also evidenced growing uptake of critical requirements for robust applications and this review is intended to signpost investigators, both old and new, towards these benchmarks and remaining research challenges for, and emerging options for different applications of, the fingerprinting approach.
本沉积物源指纹识别综述评估了当前的技术水平、尚存的挑战和新出现的主题。它整合了在该方法方面有跟踪记录或在推动该科学发展方面有相关专业知识的国际科学家的意见。
利用科学网和谷歌学术搜索，对2013年至2019年（含）期间发表的论文进行综述，以确认按研究区域、国家和所使用示踪剂类型划分的论文数量的发表趋势。还使用2017年发表的方法决策树对最新（2018年至2019年，含）的论文进行了基准测试。
对在方法细节上需要进一步研究和国际共识的领域进行了综述，这些领域包括示踪剂的空间变异性以及对端元的相应采样影响、示踪剂的时间变异性以及对端元和目标沉积物的采样影响、示踪剂守恒和基于知识的预选、源区分的物理化学基础以及向利益相关者传播指纹识别结果。还讨论了新出现的主题：新型示踪剂、生物标志物的浓度依赖性、沉积物指纹识别与年代测定相结合、对与沉积物结合的污染物的应用、纳入支持性空间信息以增强区分和建模、风成沉积物源指纹识别、与基于过程的模型整合以及开发用于数据处理的开放获取软件工具。
沉积物源指纹识别在全球范围内的受欢迎程度持续呈上升趋势，但随着这种增长也出现了围绕缺乏标准化和程序多样性的问题。尽管如此，过去两年也证明了对稳健应用的关键要求的采用日益增加，本综述旨在为新老研究人员指明这些基准以及指纹识别方法在不同应用中的剩余研究挑战和新出现的选择。
