Michaud P A
IUMSP (Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive), Lausanne, Suisse.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1992;40(6):391-409.
This paper reviews the preventive strategies that have been used in different regions and countries to reduce the morbidity and mortality linked with injuries in children and adolescents. It is confined to programmes and initiatives of different kinds that have been evaluated. Strategies can concentrate on the circumstances leading to an accident, or on reducing the consequences of injury. They can be passive (window gates, speed limits, drug packaging) or active (use of helmets, training of young drivers). They can be specific (focusing on falls or burns) or non-specific (promoting low-risk behaviour in young people). In each case prevention must allow for the developmental stage of the target population, and be conceived and implemented through multidisciplinary approaches. It should be developed at national as well as regional and local levels. Finally, improvements must be made to the means of evaluating prevention strategies.
本文回顾了不同地区和国家为降低儿童和青少年伤害相关发病率和死亡率所采用的预防策略。它局限于已得到评估的各类项目和倡议。预防策略可侧重于导致事故的环境因素，或侧重于减轻伤害后果。它们可以是被动的（如窗户防护门、限速、药品包装）或主动的（如使用头盔、对年轻驾驶员进行培训）。它们可以是特定的（专注于跌倒或烧伤）或非特定的（促进年轻人的低风险行为）。在每种情况下，预防措施都必须考虑目标人群的发育阶段，并通过多学科方法来构思和实施。它应在国家以及区域和地方层面开展。最后，必须改进预防策略的评估手段。
