Lincoln Karen D, Taylor Robert Joseph, Chatters Linda M
School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, 98105-6299, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2003 Jul;58(4):S225-33. doi: 10.1093/geronb/58.4.s225.
The study investigates the social and demographic, personality and social contact correlates of emotional support and negative interaction among older Black Americans.
The present analyses are based on the responses of 519 older African American respondents (55-96 years old) from the Americans' Changing Lives Survey. Structural equation modeling (e.g., LISREL) was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic variables (i.e., age, gender, education, income, marital status, and presence of children), social contact factors (i.e., frequency of face-to-face and telephone contact), and personality (i.e., extraversion and neuroticism) on emotional support and negative interaction with relatives and friends.
Gender, marital status, and extraversion were significantly associated with emotional support. Age, education, marital status, having a child, and neuroticism were identified as correlates of negative interaction.
The majority of older Black adults in this sample participated in emotionally supportive relations with relatives and friends, whereas negative social interactions were reported with less frequency. The distinctive group of predictors explaining emotional support and negative interaction suggests that they are different social occurrences. This analysis particularly underscores the role of personality factors in these processes.
本研究调查美国老年黑人中情感支持与消极互动的社会人口学、人格及社会交往相关因素。
本分析基于“美国人生活变化调查”中519名年龄在55至96岁之间的非裔美国老年受访者的回答。采用结构方程模型（如LISREL）来估计社会人口学变量（即年龄、性别、教育程度、收入、婚姻状况和子女情况）、社会交往因素（即面对面和电话联系的频率）以及人格（即外向性和神经质）对与亲戚和朋友之间情感支持及消极互动的直接和间接影响。
性别、婚姻状况和外向性与情感支持显著相关。年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、有子女以及神经质被确定为消极互动的相关因素。
该样本中的大多数老年黑人成年人与亲戚和朋友保持着情感支持性的关系，而消极社会互动的报告频率较低。解释情感支持和消极互动的不同预测因素组表明它们是不同的社会现象。这一分析特别强调了人格因素在这些过程中的作用。
