Lang F R, Staudinger U M, Carstensen L L
Free University of Berlin, Department of Gerontopsychiatry, Germany.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1998 Jan;53(1):P21-9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/53b.1.p21.
This research extends earlier cross-sectional findings suggesting that although social network sizes were smaller in very old age as compared to old age, the number of emotionally close relationships in the network did not distinguish age groups. In a representative sample of community dwelling and institutionalized adults, aged 70 to 104 years, we explored whether such indication of socioemotional selectivity was related to personality characteristics and family status. Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Neuroticism as assessed by the NEO-PI were related to overall network size but unrelated to the average emotional closeness of social partners in the network (i.e., our indicator of socioemotional selectivity). Family status, in contrast, was related to average emotional closeness to network members. Moreover, family status moderates the relationship between average emotional closeness to network members and feelings of social embeddedness. Findings suggest a stronger influence of contextual rather than personality factors on social functioning in late life.
这项研究扩展了早期的横断面研究结果，这些结果表明，尽管与老年人相比，高龄老人的社交网络规模较小，但社交网络中情感亲密关系的数量并不能区分年龄组。在一个年龄在70至104岁之间的社区居住和机构化成年人的代表性样本中，我们探讨了这种社会情感选择性的迹象是否与人格特征和家庭状况有关。通过NEO-PI评估的外向性、经验开放性和神经质与社交网络的总体规模有关，但与社交网络中社交伙伴的平均情感亲密度无关（即我们的社会情感选择性指标）。相比之下，家庭状况与与网络成员的平均情感亲密度有关。此外，家庭状况调节了与网络成员的平均情感亲密度和社会嵌入感之间的关系。研究结果表明，在晚年，情境因素而非人格因素对社会功能的影响更大。
