Hepatitis B screening in pregnancy: practical aspects.

Hepatitis B may be acquired at birth from a mother who is a chronic carrier and may result in debilitating liver disease later in life. Screening of pregnant women and preventive measures have been shown to be clinically effective and at least marginally cost-effective. The Centers for Disease Control recommends universal screening of pregnant women. Cost-effectiveness has been evaluated using estimated costs and assuming patient compliance. The practical aspects of screening a high-risk population are described in the context of a single program, with discussion of excess costs and problems with implementation.