Adetunji Yemisi, Macklin Daniel, Patel Rita, Kinsinger Linda
Preventive Medicine Residency Program, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2003 Aug;25(2):169-75. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00125-9.
Vaccine-preventable diseases were a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States in the 20th century. With the advent of immunizations, there have been dramatic rates of decline in these diseases. Clinical studies have shown vaccines to be efficacious and cost effective. Despite the simplification of the immunization schedule, vaccination rates are still suboptimal because of missed opportunities. Although several controversies have arisen about the safety of childhood immunizations, they are yet to be validated. There have been recent concerns about the stability of the infrastructure that supports the U.S. immunization program. Research has established strong evidence that certain interventions can increase vaccination coverage rates. The American College of Preventive Medicine outlines recommendations for childhood immunizations.
在20世纪，疫苗可预防疾病是美国死亡和发病的主要原因。随着免疫接种的出现，这些疾病的发病率已大幅下降。临床研究表明疫苗有效且具有成本效益。尽管免疫接种计划有所简化，但由于存在错失接种机会的情况，疫苗接种率仍未达到最佳水平。尽管围绕儿童免疫接种的安全性出现了一些争议，但这些争议尚未得到证实。最近有人担心支持美国免疫接种计划的基础设施的稳定性。研究已确凿证明某些干预措施可提高疫苗接种覆盖率。美国预防医学学院概述了儿童免疫接种的建议。
