Rawat Satinder S, Viard Mathias, Gallo Stephen A, Rein Alan, Blumenthal Robert, Puri Anu
Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, Center for Cancer Research NCI-Frederick, NIH, PO Box B, Bldg. 469, Rm. 211, Miller Drive Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Mol Membr Biol. 2003 Jul-Sep;20(3):243-54. doi: 10.1080/0968768031000104944.
Enveloped animal viruses infect host cells by fusion of viral and target membranes. This crucial fusion event occurs either with the plasma membrane of the host cells at the physiological pH or with the endosomal membranes at low pH and is triggered by specific glycoproteins in the virus envelope. Both lipids and proteins play critical and co-operative roles in the fusion process. Interactions of viral proteins with their receptors direct which membranes fuse and viral fusion proteins then drive the process. These fusion proteins operate on lipid assemblies, whose physical and mechanical properties are equally important to the proper functioning of the process. Lipids contribute to the viral fusion process by virtue of their distinct chemical structure, composition and/or their preferred partitioning into specific microdomains in the plasma membrane called 'rafts'. An involvement of lipid rafts in viral entry and membrane fusion has been examined recently. However, the mechanism(s) by which lipids as dynamic raft components control viral envelope-glycoprotein-triggered fusion is not clear. This paper will review literature findings on the contribution of the two raft-associated lipids, cholesterol and sphingolipids in viral entry.
有包膜的动物病毒通过病毒膜与靶膜的融合来感染宿主细胞。这一关键的融合事件要么在生理pH值下与宿主细胞的质膜发生，要么在低pH值下与内体膜发生，由病毒包膜中的特定糖蛋白触发。脂质和蛋白质在融合过程中都起着关键且协同的作用。病毒蛋白与其受体的相互作用决定了哪些膜会融合，然后病毒融合蛋白驱动这一过程。这些融合蛋白作用于脂质聚集体，其物理和机械特性对该过程的正常运作同样重要。脂质凭借其独特的化学结构、组成和/或它们在质膜中优先分配到称为“脂筏”的特定微区，对病毒融合过程做出贡献。最近已经研究了脂筏在病毒进入和膜融合中的作用。然而，脂质作为动态脂筏成分控制病毒包膜糖蛋白触发的融合的机制尚不清楚。本文将综述关于两种与脂筏相关的脂质，即胆固醇和鞘脂在病毒进入中的作用的文献研究结果。
