McTiernan Anne
Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
Oncologist. 2003;8(4):326-34. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.8-4-326.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates that 25% of breast cancer cases worldwide are due to overweight/obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. The preponderance of epidemiologic studies indicates that women who engage in 3-4 hours per week of moderate to vigorous levels of exercise have a 30%-40% lower risk for breast cancer than sedentary women. Women who are overweight or obese have a 50%-250% greater risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. Alcohol use, even at moderate levels (two drinks per day) increases risk for both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. Certain dietary patterns, such as high fat, low vegetables/fruits, low fiber, and high simple carbohydrates, may increase risk, but definitive data are lacking. These lifestyle factors are likely associated with breast cancer etiology through hormonal mechanisms. The worldwide trends of increasing overweight and obesity and decreasing physical activity may lead to an increasing incidence of breast cancer unless other means of risk reduction counteract these effects. Thus, adoption of lifestyle changes by individuals and populations may have a large impact on the future incidence of this disease.
国际癌症研究机构估计，全球25%的乳腺癌病例归因于超重/肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式。大量流行病学研究表明，每周进行3至4小时中等强度到高强度运动的女性患乳腺癌的风险比久坐不动的女性低30%至40%。超重或肥胖的女性患绝经后乳腺癌的风险要高50%至250%。饮酒，即使是适度饮酒（每天两杯），也会增加绝经前和绝经后乳腺癌的发病风险。某些饮食模式，如高脂肪、低蔬菜/水果、低纤维和高简单碳水化合物饮食，可能会增加发病风险，但缺乏确凿数据。这些生活方式因素可能通过激素机制与乳腺癌病因相关。全球超重和肥胖增加以及身体活动减少的趋势可能导致乳腺癌发病率上升，除非其他降低风险的方法能抵消这些影响。因此，个人和人群采取生活方式改变可能会对这种疾病未来的发病率产生重大影响。
