Asendorpf Jens B, van Aken Marcel A G
Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
J Pers. 2003 Aug;71(4):629-66. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.7104005.
Personality effects on perceived support from social relationships and vice versa were longitudinally studied over adolescence. Within personality, core (Big Five personality traits) and surface characteristics (global self-worth, perceived peer acceptance, and loneliness) were distinguished. Core, but not surface, characteristics at age 12 predicted support from both parents and peers at age 17 after controlling for support at age 12. Support at age 12 predicted surface, but not core, characteristics at age 17 after controlling for personality at age 12. These findings are interpreted within a dual model of personality-relationship transaction. Core characteristics are relatively stable traits that are largely immune against experiences in relationships and continuously influence their flux and flow. Surface characteristics are more open to relationship influences, and are therefore less stable.
在整个青春期对人格对社会关系中感知到的支持的影响以及反之亦然的情况进行了纵向研究。在人格方面，区分了核心特征（大五人格特质）和表面特征（总体自我价值、感知到的同伴接纳和孤独感）。在控制了12岁时的支持情况后，12岁时的核心特征而非表面特征能够预测17岁时来自父母和同伴的支持。在控制了12岁时的人格情况后，12岁时的支持能够预测17岁时的表面特征而非核心特征。这些发现是在人格 - 关系交互的双重模型中进行解释的。核心特征是相对稳定的特质，在很大程度上不受人际关系经历的影响，并持续影响其变化和发展。表面特征更容易受到关系影响，因此不太稳定。
