Braun U
Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
Vet J. 2003 Sep;166(2):112-24. doi: 10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00301-5.
Ultrasonography is an ideal diagnostic tool for investigating gastrointestinal disorders in cattle. It is performed on standing non-sedated cattle using a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. In animals with traumatic reticuloperitonitis, inflammatory fibrinous changes, and abscesses can be imaged; however, magnets and foreign bodies are difficult to visualize because of the gas content of the reticulum. Ultrasonography can be used to assess the size, position and contents of the abomasum. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided abomasocentesis can be performed to evaluate the nature and chemical composition of its contents. In left displacement of the abomasum, the abomasum is seen between the left abdominal wall and the rumen. It contains fluid ingesta ventrally and a gas cap of varying size dorsally. Occasionally, the abomasal folds are seen in the ingesta. In cattle with right displacement of the abomasum, the liver is displaced medially from the right abdominal wall by the abomasum, which has an ultrasonographic appearance similar to that described for left displacement. Motility and diameter of the intestine are the most important criteria for ultrasonographic assessment of ileus. However, the cause of the ileus is rarely determined using ultrasonography. In cases with ileus of the small intestine, there is at least one region of dilatation of the intestine and motility is reduced or absent. In cattle with caecal dilatation, the caecum can always be imaged from the right lateral abdominal wall. The wall of the caecum closest to the transducer appears as a thick, echogenic, semi-circular line.
超声检查是诊断牛胃肠道疾病的理想工具。使用3.5兆赫线性探头对站立且未镇静的牛进行检查。对于患有创伤性网胃炎的动物，可成像显示炎性纤维性改变和脓肿；然而，由于网胃内的气体成分，磁铁和异物难以显影。超声检查可用于评估皱胃的大小、位置和内容物。可进行经皮超声引导下皱胃穿刺术，以评估其内容物的性质和化学成分。在皱胃左移位时，可在左腹壁和瘤胃之间看到皱胃。其腹侧含有液体食糜，背侧有大小不一的气顶。偶尔，在食糜中可见皱胃皱襞。在皱胃右移位的牛中，皱胃将肝脏从右腹壁向内推移，其超声表现与左移位时描述的相似。肠的蠕动和直径是超声评估肠梗阻的最重要标准。然而，很少通过超声检查确定肠梗阻的病因。在小肠梗阻的病例中，至少有一个肠段扩张，蠕动减弱或消失。在盲肠扩张的牛中，总能从右侧腹壁对盲肠进行成像。最靠近探头的盲肠壁表现为一条增厚的、回声增强的半圆形线。
