Tharwat Mohamed, Tsuka Takeshi
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Sep 2;11:1435395. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1435395. eCollection 2024.
This review article describes the roles of ultrasound in assessing thoracic and abdominal infectious diseases, mainly bacterial and parasitic ones that affect farm animals, including cattle, camels, sheep, and goats. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging technique used to diagnose infectious diseases affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and hepatobiliary systems. In cases of thoracic and abdominal infections, ultrasound typically reveals abnormalities in echogenicity and echotexture, the presence of unusual artifacts, and mass formation exerting pressure on surrounding structures. Inflammatory and degenerative changes within the viscera can be identified ultrasonographically by comparing the echogenicity of affected areas with that of the surrounding normal parenchyma, such as in fascioliasis. Bacterial and parasitic infections often result in capsular mass lesions with anechoic contents, as observed in hydatid cysts and cysticercosis, or varying echogenic contents, as observed in liver abscesses. Effusions within the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum are common ultrasonographic findings in infectious thoracic and abdominal diseases. However, these effusions' echogenicity does not always allow for clear differentiation between transudates and exudates. The routine use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of the chest and abdomen in affected or suspected ruminants is highly beneficial for detection, guiding therapeutic decisions, assessing prognosis, and aiding in the eradication of highly contagious diseases that cause significant economic losses.
这篇综述文章描述了超声在评估家畜（包括牛、骆驼、绵羊和山羊）的胸腹部传染病（主要是细菌和寄生虫感染性疾病）中的作用。超声检查是一种非侵入性成像技术，用于诊断影响心血管、呼吸、消化、泌尿和肝胆系统的传染病。在胸腹部感染病例中，超声通常会显示回声性和回声纹理异常、出现异常伪像以及形成对周围结构施加压力的肿块。通过将受影响区域的回声性与周围正常实质的回声性进行比较，如在肝片吸虫病中，可通过超声检查识别内脏内的炎症和退行性变化。细菌和寄生虫感染通常会导致包膜性肿块病变，其内容物为无回声，如在包虫囊肿和囊尾蚴病中所见，或内容物回声各异，如在肝脓肿中所见。心包、胸膜和腹膜内的积液是胸腹部感染性疾病常见的超声检查结果。然而，这些积液的回声性并不总能明确区分漏出液和渗出液。对受影响或疑似反刍动物进行胸部和腹部评估时常规使用超声检查，对于疾病检测、指导治疗决策、评估预后以及协助根除造成重大经济损失的高度传染性疾病非常有益。
