Mickleborough Timothy D, Murray Rachael L, Ionescu Alina A, Lindley Martin R
Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, 1025 East 7th Street, HPER 112, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Nov 15;168(10):1181-9. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200303-373OC. Epub 2003 Aug 6.
In elite athletes, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) may respond to dietary modification, thereby reducing the need for pharmacologic treatment. Ten elite athletes with EIB and 10 elite athletes without EIB (control subjects) participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Subjects entered the study on their normal diet, and then received either fish oil capsules containing 3.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.2 g docohexaenoic acid (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] diet; n = 5) or placebo capsules containing olive oil (placebo diet; n = 5) taken daily for 3 weeks. Diet had no effect on preexercise pulmonary function in either group or on postexercise pulmonary function in control subjects. However, in subjects with EIB, the n-3 PUFA diet improved postexercise pulmonary function compared with the normal and placebo diets. FEV1 decreased by 3 +/- 2% on n-3 PUFA diet, 14.5 +/- 5% on placebo diet, and 17.3 +/- 6% on normal diet at 15 minutes postexercise. Leukotriene (LT)E4, 9alpha, 11beta-prostaglandin F2, LTB4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta, all significantly decreased on the n-3 PUFA diet compared with normal and placebo diets and after the exercise challenge. These data suggest that dietary fish oil supplementation has a markedly protective effect in suppressing EIB in elite athletes, and this may be attributed to their antiinflammatory properties.
在精英运动员中，运动诱发的支气管收缩（EIB）可能对饮食调整有反应，从而减少药物治疗的需求。10名患有EIB的精英运动员和10名无EIB的精英运动员（对照受试者）参与了一项随机、双盲交叉研究。受试者以正常饮食进入研究，然后每天服用含3.2克二十碳五烯酸和2.2克二十二碳六烯酸的鱼油胶囊（n-3多不饱和脂肪酸[PUFA]饮食；n = 5）或含橄榄油的安慰剂胶囊（安慰剂饮食；n = 5），持续3周。饮食对两组的运动前肺功能或对照受试者的运动后肺功能均无影响。然而，在患有EIB的受试者中，与正常饮食和安慰剂饮食相比，n-3 PUFA饮食改善了运动后肺功能。运动后15分钟，n-3 PUFA饮食组的第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）下降了3±2%，安慰剂饮食组下降了14.5±5%，正常饮食组下降了17.3±6%。与正常饮食和安慰剂饮食相比，以及在运动激发后，n-3 PUFA饮食组的白三烯（LT）E4、9α，11β-前列腺素F2、LTB4、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-1β均显著降低。这些数据表明，补充膳食鱼油对抑制精英运动员的EIB具有显著的保护作用，这可能归因于其抗炎特性。
