Stratchounski L S, Andreeva I V, Ratchina S A, Galkin D V, Petrotchenkova N A, Demin A A, Kuzin V B, Kusnetsova S T, Likhatcheva R Y, Nedogoda S V, Ortenberg E A, Belikov A S, Toropova I A
Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical Academy, Smolensk, Russia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Aug 15;37(4):498-505. doi: 10.1086/376905. Epub 2003 Aug 1.
The objective of this study was to inventory the stock of antimicrobials in the home medicine cabinets (HMCs) of the general population in Russia and to find out for which indications people report that they would use antibiotics without a physician's recommendation. The research was performed in 9 Russian cities by physicians who visited households. An inventory of antibiotics in HMCs was made, and respondents were asked about instances in which they would choose automedication with antibiotics. We found that 83.6% of families had antibiotics for systemic use in HMCs. The most common antibiotics in HMCs were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (46.3% of HMCs), ampicillin (45.1%), chloramphenicol (32.7%), erythromycin (25.5%), and tetracycline (21.8%). The major indications for automedication with antibiotics were acute viral respiratory tract infections (12.3% of total indications), cough (11.8%), intestinal disorders (11.3%), fever (9%), and sore throat (6.8%). According to this study, antibiotics are widely stocked among the general population in Russia, and people use antibiotics in an uncontrolled and imprudent manner.
本研究的目的是清查俄罗斯普通民众家庭药箱（HMCs）中的抗菌药物库存，并找出人们报告在无医生建议情况下会使用抗生素的适应症。该研究由走访家庭的医生在俄罗斯9个城市开展。对家庭药箱中的抗生素进行了清查，并询问受访者自行选择使用抗生素的情况。我们发现，83.6%的家庭在家庭药箱中有用于全身治疗的抗生素。家庭药箱中最常见的抗生素是甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑（占家庭药箱的46.3%）、氨苄西林（45.1%）、氯霉素（32.7%）、红霉素（25.5%）和四环素（21.8%）。自行使用抗生素的主要适应症为急性病毒性呼吸道感染（占总适应症的12.3%）、咳嗽（11.8%）、肠道疾病（11.3%）、发热（9%）和咽喉痛（6.8%）。根据这项研究，抗生素在俄罗斯普通民众中广泛储备，人们以不受控制和不谨慎的方式使用抗生素。
