Sulková S
Interní oddĕlení Strahov, 1. lékarské fakulty UK a VFN, Praha.
Vnitr Lek. 2003 May;49(5):358-61.
The new classification K/DOQI of chronic renal disease differentiates five stages according to the grade of glomerular filtration. In the fifth, most severe grade (= renal failure) dialyzation/transplantation treatment is indicated. For dialyzation/transplantation activities in developed countries relatively accurate epidemiological data exist (national and supranational registers of dialyzation and transplantation programmes). The number of patients increases year by year, in particular in the more advanced age groups. The predominating diagnosis is renal failure is diabetes. Although treatment by one of the methods substituting renal function involves less than 0.1% of the population the economic costs amount to as much as 6 = of the total expenditure on health services (Medicare data, USA). On the other hand the prevalence of chronic renal disease in less advanced stages is not exactly known. It is estimated that chronic kidney disease may be present in some 10% of the population. If the disease were detected in time and the patient was given professional care which can retard the disease, it would be not only of medical but also of socio-economic benefit.
慢性肾脏病的新K/DOQI分类根据肾小球滤过率将其分为五个阶段。在最严重的第五阶段（即肾衰竭），需要进行透析/移植治疗。在发达国家，关于透析/移植活动有相对准确的流行病学数据（国家和超国家的透析与移植项目登记册）。患者数量逐年增加，尤其是在年龄较大的群体中。最主要的诊断是肾衰竭由糖尿病引起。尽管采用一种替代肾功能的治疗方法涉及的人口不到0.1%，但其经济成本高达卫生服务总支出的6%（美国医疗保险数据）。另一方面，处于不太严重阶段的慢性肾脏病的患病率尚不完全清楚。据估计，约10%的人口可能患有慢性肾脏病。如果能及时发现该病并给予患者专业护理以延缓病情发展，这不仅具有医学意义，还具有社会经济意义。
