Hinwood Andrea L, Sim Malcolm R, Jolley Damien, de Klerk Nick, Bastone Elisa B, Gerostamoulos Jim, Drummer Olaf H
School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2003 Sep;13(3):271-84. doi: 10.1080/0960312031000122424.
A large number of drinking water supplies worldwide have greater than 50 microg l(- 1) inorganic arsenic in drinking water, and there is increasing pressure to reduce concentrations. Few studies have specifically considered low concentrations of arsenic in water supplies and the significance of other factors which may contribute to increased exposure. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for increased urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations, in a population exposed to 10 - 100 microg l(- 1) of arsenic in drinking water, as well as a control population with lower arsenic concentrations in their drinking water. Inorganic arsenic in urine was used as the measure of exposure. The median drinking water arsenic concentration in the exposed population was 43.8 microg l(- 1) (16.0 - 73 microg l(- 1)) and less than the analytical limit of detection of 1 microg l(- 1) (<DL) (range<DL-8.0 microg l(- 1)) in the control group. The geometric mean urinary inorganic arsenic concentration for the exposed group was 4.24 microg l(- 1) (range<DL-18.8 microg l(- 1)) and for the control group was 1.18 microg l(- 1) (<DL-4.49 microg l(- 1)). In a random effects linear regression model, drinking water was the significant predictor of urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations with factors such as age, season and drinking water consumption important risk factors. These results show that concentrations of arsenic in drinking water, even at lower concentrations, make an important contribution to exposure. Further work is required to define the potential for absorption at these lower levels.
全球大量饮用水供应中的饮用水无机砷含量超过50微克/升，降低其浓度的压力日益增大。很少有研究专门考虑供水系统中低浓度的砷以及可能导致暴露增加的其他因素的重要性。本研究旨在调查饮用水中砷含量为10 - 100微克/升的人群以及饮用水中砷浓度较低的对照人群中尿无机砷浓度升高的风险因素。尿中的无机砷用作暴露的衡量指标。暴露人群饮用水中砷浓度的中位数为43.8微克/升（16.0 - 73微克/升），而对照组低于分析检测限1微克/升（<检测限）（范围<检测限 - 8.0微克/升）。暴露组尿无机砷浓度的几何平均值为每升4.24微克（范围<检测限 - 18.8微克/升），对照组为1.18微克/升（<检测限 - 4.49微克/升）。在随机效应线性回归模型中，饮用水是尿无机砷浓度的显著预测因素，年龄、季节和饮水量等因素是重要的风险因素。这些结果表明，即使是较低浓度的饮用水中的砷，也对暴露有重要影响。需要进一步开展工作来确定这些较低水平下的吸收潜力。
