Heck Katherine E, Schoendorf Kenneth C, Chávez Gilberto F, Braveman Paula
National Center for Health Statistics, and California Department of Health Services, USA.
Birth. 2003 Sep;30(3):153-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-536x.2003.00239.x.
Short postpartum hospital stays may leave inadequate time for women to receive assistance with breastfeeding. Women leaving the hospital early may also have household responsibilities that could interfere with breastfeeding. This study examined the relationship between postpartum length of stay and breastfeeding cessation.
This study used data from 10,519 respondents to the California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA) surveys from 1999 to 2001. MIHA is an annual statewide stratified random sample, population-based study of childbearing women in California. Survival analysis was used to examine the relationship between length of stay and length of time breastfeeding. Women were asked about the number of nights their infant stayed in the hospital at birth, whether they breastfed, and if so, the age of the child when they stopped. Hospital stay was defined in three categories: standard (2 nights for a vaginal delivery, 4 nights for a cesarean section), or shorter or longer than the standard stay.
Approximately 88 percent of women initiated breastfeeding. Unadjusted predictors of breastfeeding cessation included short or long postpartum stay; young maternal age; Hispanic, African American, or Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity; being unmarried; low income or education level; primiparity; being born in the 50 United States or the District of Columbia; smoking during pregnancy; and low infant birthweight. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with a short stay remained slightly more likely to terminate breastfeeding than women with a standard stay (relative risk, 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.23).
Women who leave the hospital earlier than the standard recommended stay are at somewhat increased risk of terminating breastfeeding early.
产后住院时间过短可能使女性没有足够时间获得母乳喂养方面的帮助。过早出院的女性可能还承担着家庭责任，这可能会干扰母乳喂养。本研究调查了产后住院时长与母乳喂养停止之间的关系。
本研究使用了1999年至2001年加利福尼亚母婴健康评估（MIHA）调查中10519名受访者的数据。MIHA是一项基于加利福尼亚州育龄妇女的年度全州分层随机抽样人群研究。生存分析用于研究住院时长与母乳喂养时长之间的关系。研究询问了女性其婴儿出生时在医院住的夜晚数、她们是否进行母乳喂养，若进行母乳喂养，则询问停止母乳喂养时孩子的年龄。住院时间分为三类：标准住院时间（顺产2晚，剖宫产4晚），或短于或长于标准住院时间。
约88%的女性开始进行母乳喂养。未经调整的母乳喂养停止预测因素包括产后住院时间短或长；产妇年龄小；西班牙裔、非裔美国人或亚太岛民种族/族裔；未婚；低收入或低教育水平；初产；在美国50个州或哥伦比亚特区出生；孕期吸烟；以及婴儿出生体重低。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，住院时间短的女性比住院时间标准的女性更有可能停止母乳喂养（相对风险为1.11，95%置信区间为1.01至1.23）。
出院时间早于标准推荐住院时间的女性，早期停止母乳喂养的风险略有增加。
