Gerst Jeffrey E
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Aug 18;1641(2-3):99-110. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4889(03)00096-x.
SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors) are membrane-associated proteins that participate in the fusion of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells. SNAREs comprise three distinct and well-conserved families of molecules that act directly as membrane fusogens or, at the least, as elements that bring membranes into close apposition and allow for subsequent fusion events to occur. While the molecular events leading to fusion are still under debate, it is clear that a number of additional factors are required to bring about SNARE-mediated membrane fusion in vivo. Many of these factors, which collectively can be called SNARE regulators (e.g. Sec1/Munc18, synaptotagmin, GATE-16, LMA1, Munc13/UNC-13, synaptophysin, tomosyn, Vsm1, etc.), bind directly to SNAREs and are involved in the regulation of SNARE assembly as well as the ability of SNAREs to participate in trafficking events. In addition, recent studies have suggested a role for posttranslational modification (e.g., phosphorylation) in the regulation of SNARE functions. In this review the possible role of SNARE regulators in SNARE assembly and the involvement of SNARE phosphorylation in the regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking will be discussed.
SNAREs（可溶性N - 乙基马来酰亚胺敏感融合蛋白附着蛋白受体）是与膜相关的蛋白质，参与真核细胞内膜的融合。SNAREs由三个不同且高度保守的分子家族组成，它们直接作为膜融合蛋白起作用，或者至少作为使膜紧密靠近并允许随后融合事件发生的元件。虽然导致融合的分子事件仍在争论中，但很明显，在体内实现SNARE介导的膜融合还需要许多其他因素。这些因素中的许多，统称为SNARE调节剂（例如Sec1/Munc18、突触结合蛋白、GATE - 16、LMA1、Munc13/UNC - 13、突触素、tomosyn、Vsm1等），直接与SNAREs结合，并参与SNARE组装的调节以及SNAREs参与运输事件的能力。此外，最近的研究表明翻译后修饰（例如磷酸化）在SNARE功能调节中起作用。在本综述中，将讨论SNARE调节剂在SNARE组装中的可能作用以及SNARE磷酸化在细胞内膜运输调节中的参与情况。
