Bonnet S, Resnikoff S, Castan R, Konate S, Periquet B, Coste J, Amédée-Manesme O
INSERM U 56, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1992;62(4):291-7.
The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among two to ten years old children in a rural area of Mali was assessed by ophthalmic examination, determination of plasma retinol levels and impression cytology with transfer tests. A Public Health problem of vitamin A deficiency was identified in this rural area by: the prevalence of nightblindness significantly (p < 0.001) above the cut-off (1%) defined by the World Health Organization (WHO); the prevalence of corneal scarring significantly (p < 0.001) above the WHO's cut-off (0.05%); the percentage of subjects with plasma retinol levels below 0.35 mumol/l (10 micrograms/dl) significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the WHO's threshold (5%); and 52.8 +/- 8.2% children with "Abnormal" impression cytology as determined by the impression cytology test (IC). This preliminary survey confirmed widespread vitamin A deficiency in Mali. The minimum sample size required for a study using the impression cytology test to determinate a Public Health problem in a population was calculated for different situations. Ophthalmic examination indicated a very high rate of active trachoma (29.6 +/- 7.0%), and a relationship between active trachoma and impression cytology results was identified.
通过眼科检查、血浆视黄醇水平测定以及带有转移试验的印片细胞学检查，对马里某农村地区2至10岁儿童维生素A缺乏症的患病率进行了评估。通过以下方面确定了该农村地区存在维生素A缺乏这一公共卫生问题：夜盲症患病率显著（p<0.001）高于世界卫生组织（WHO）定义的临界值（1%）；角膜瘢痕患病率显著（p<0.001）高于WHO的临界值（0.05%）；血浆视黄醇水平低于0.35μmol/l（10微克/分升）的受试者百分比显著（p<0.001）高于WHO的阈值（5%）；以及通过印片细胞学检查（IC）确定为“异常”印片细胞学的儿童占52.8±8.2%。这项初步调查证实了马里普遍存在维生素A缺乏症。针对不同情况计算了使用印片细胞学检查来确定人群中公共卫生问题的研究所需的最小样本量。眼科检查显示活动性沙眼的发生率非常高（29.6±7.0%），并且确定了活动性沙眼与印片细胞学检查结果之间的关系。
