Kähärit Kim, Zachau Gunilla, Eklöf Mats, Sandsjö Leif, Möller Claes
National Institute for Working Life/West, Department of Audiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
Int J Audiol. 2003 Jul;42(5):279-88. doi: 10.3109/14992020309078347.
The aim of this study was to assess hearing and hearing disorders among rock/jazz musicians. One hundred and thirty-nine (43 women and 96 men) musicians participated. The results are based on pure-tone audiometry and questionnaire responses. According to our definition of hearing loss, tinnitus, hyperacusis, distortion and/or diplacusis as hearing disorders, we found disorders in 74%, of the rock/jazz musicians studied. Hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis were most common, and the latter two were found significantly more frequently than in different reference populations. The women showed bilateral, significantly better hearing thresholds at 3-6 kHz than the men. Hyperacusis, and the combination of both hyperacusis and tinnitus, were found to be significantly more frequent among women than among men. Hearing loss and tinnitus were significantly more common among men than among women. It is important to evaluate all kinds of hearing problems (other than hearing loss) in musicians, since they represent an occupational group especially dependent on optimal, functional hearing. On the basis of our results, we suggest that hearing problems such as tinnitus, hyperacusis, distortion and/or diplacusis should, in addition to hearing loss, be defined as hearing disorders.
本研究旨在评估摇滚/爵士音乐家的听力及听力障碍情况。139名音乐家（43名女性和96名男性）参与了研究。研究结果基于纯音听力测定和问卷调查的回复。根据我们对听力损失、耳鸣、听觉过敏、声音失真和/或复听等听力障碍的定义，我们发现，在接受研究的摇滚/爵士音乐家中，74%存在听力障碍。听力损失、耳鸣和听觉过敏最为常见，且后两者出现的频率明显高于不同的参照人群。女性在3至6千赫兹频率下的双侧听力阈值明显优于男性。研究发现，女性中听觉过敏以及听觉过敏与耳鸣同时出现的情况明显多于男性。男性中听力损失和耳鸣的情况明显多于女性。评估音乐家的各类听力问题（听力损失除外）很重要，因为他们是一个特别依赖最佳功能性听力的职业群体。基于我们的研究结果，我们建议，除听力损失外，耳鸣、听觉过敏、声音失真和/或复听等听力问题也应被定义为听力障碍。
