Department of Physical Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 1;18(3):1313. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031313.
The objective of this study was to assess the hearing of music students in relation to their exposure to excessive sounds. A standard pure-tone audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were determined in 163 students of music academies, aged 22.8 ± 2.6 years. A questionnaire survey and sound pressure level measurements during solo and group playing were also conducted. The control group comprised 67 subjects, mainly non-music students, aged 22.8 ± 3.3 years. Study subjects were exposed to sounds at the A-weighted weekly noise exposure level (L) from 75 to 106 dB. There were no significant differences in the hearing thresholds between groups in the frequency range of 4000-8000 Hz. However, music students compared to control group exhibited lower values of DPOAE amplitude (at 6000 and 7984 Hz) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (at 984, 6000, and 7984 Hz) as well as SNR of TEOAE (in 1000 Hz band). A significant impact of noise exposure level, type of instrument, and gender on some parameters of measured otoacoustic emissions was observed. In particular, music students having L ≥ 84.9 dB, compared to those with L < 84.9 dB, achieved significantly lower DPOAE amplitude at 3984 Hz. Meanwhile, both TEOAE and DPOAE results indicated worse hearing in students playing percussion instruments vs. wind instruments, and wind instrument players vs. students playing stringed instruments.
本研究旨在评估音乐学生的听力与其暴露于过度声音的关系。对 163 名音乐学院学生（年龄 22.8 ± 2.6 岁）进行了标准纯音听力测定、瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAEs）和畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAEs）的测试。还进行了问卷调查以及独奏和集体演奏时的声压级测量。对照组由 67 名主要是非音乐专业的学生组成，年龄 22.8 ± 3.3 岁。研究对象的 A 加权每周噪声暴露水平（L）为 75 至 106dB。在 4000-8000Hz 的频率范围内，两组的听力阈值无显著差异。然而，与对照组相比，音乐学生的 DPOAE 幅度（在 6000 和 7984Hz）和信噪比（SNR）（在 984、6000 和 7984Hz）以及 TEOAE 的 SNR（在 1000Hz 频段）值较低。观察到噪声暴露水平、乐器类型和性别对测量耳声发射某些参数的显著影响。特别是，暴露于噪声水平≥84.9dB 的音乐学生与暴露于噪声水平<84.9dB 的学生相比，在 3984Hz 处的 DPOAE 幅度显著降低。同时，TEOAE 和 DPOAE 的结果均表明，打击乐器演奏者的听力比吹奏乐器演奏者差，吹奏乐器演奏者比弦乐器演奏者差。
