Chung Man Cheung, Easthope Yvette, Farmer Steven, Werrett Julie, Chung Catherine
University of Plymouth, Plymouth, England, UK.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2003 Sep;17(3):265-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00224.x.
The aims of the present study were twofold: first, to ascertain the severity of post-traumatic stress among community residents as secondary victims exposed to a train disaster. Secondly, we aimed to identify the association between post-traumatic stress and personality variables. Seven months after the train disaster in Stafford, United Kingdom, in 1996, 66 community residents were recruited and interviewed for the study. In the interviews, residents were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-R Short Scale (EPQ-R). Control group data were also collected, composed of 90 community residents who lived in another city and had not been exposed to the train disaster. They were assessed using the GHQ. The results showed that 51% of the residents scored at the high IES symptom level. No significant differences were found between the community residents who lived near and further away from the crash site in terms of the IES scores. Further analyses showed that the IES scores for the present two groups of community residents were significantly lower than those of Horowitz's standardized stress clinic samples, but higher than those of Danish rescue workers involved in a train rescue operation. The GHQ results showed that 35% could be considered to be psychiatric cases. The comparisons between the GHQ scores of the present community residents with those of the control group showed that there were significant differences in somatic problems, anxiety, depression and GHQ total. With regard to personality, the community residents who lived near to the crash site were significantly more introverted but less neurotic than Eysenck's standardized samples. The community residents who lived further away were significantly more introverted but less neurotic than the standardized samples. Regression analyses revealed that neuroticism predicted intrusion, avoidance and GHQ total. The conclusion was that there can be long-term, severe post-traumatic stress effects upon community residents, as secondary victims, after exposure to a train disaster. Residents with a neurotic personality tend to be associated with post-traumatic stress reactions and general health problems.
其一，确定作为遭受火车灾难的次生受害者的社区居民中创伤后应激障碍的严重程度。其二，我们旨在确定创伤后应激障碍与人格变量之间的关联。1996年英国斯塔福德火车灾难发生七个月后，招募了66名社区居民并对其进行访谈以开展该研究。在访谈中，使用事件影响量表（IES）、一般健康问卷（GHQ）和艾森克人格问卷简式量表（EPQ-R）对居民进行评估。还收集了对照组数据，由90名居住在另一个城市且未遭受火车灾难的社区居民组成。使用GHQ对他们进行评估。结果显示，51%的居民在IES症状水平上得分较高。在IES得分方面，居住在靠近和远离坠机地点的社区居民之间未发现显著差异。进一步分析表明，这两组社区居民的IES得分显著低于霍洛维茨标准化应激诊所样本的得分，但高于参与火车救援行动的丹麦救援人员的得分。GHQ结果显示，35%的人可被视为精神病例。将本社区居民的GHQ得分与对照组的得分进行比较，结果显示在躯体问题、焦虑、抑郁和GHQ总分方面存在显著差异。在人格方面，居住在坠机地点附近的社区居民比艾森克标准化样本更内向但神经质程度更低。居住在较远地区的社区居民比标准化样本更内向但神经质程度更低。回归分析显示，神经质可预测闯入、回避和GHQ总分。结论是，社区居民作为次生受害者，在遭受火车灾难后可能会产生长期、严重的创伤后应激障碍影响。具有神经质人格的居民往往与创伤后应激反应和一般健康问题相关。
