Morrow Martha, Barraclough Simon
Australian International Health Institute, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2003 Sep;18(3):255-64. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dag021.
In the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region, being born male is the single greatest risk marker for tobacco use. While the literature demonstrates that risks associated with tobacco use may vary according to sex, gender refers to the socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women, who initiate, continue and quit using tobacco for complex and often different reasons. Cigarette advertising frequently appeals to gender roles. Yet tobacco control policy tends to be gender-blind. Using a broad gender-sensitivity framework, this contradiction is explored in four Western Pacific countries. Part I of the study discusses issues surrounding gender and tobacco, and analyses developments in Malaysia and the Philippines. Part II deals with Singapore and Vietnam. In all four countries, gender was salient for the initiation and maintenance of smoking, and in Malaysia and the Philippines was highly significant in cigarette promotion. Yet, with a few exceptions, gender was largely unrecognized in control policy. Suggestions for overcoming this weakness in order to enhance tobacco control are made in Part II.
在世界卫生组织西太平洋区域，男性出生时就成为吸烟的最大单一风险标志。虽然文献表明与吸烟相关的风险可能因性别而异，但性别指的是社会所确定的男性和女性的角色与责任，他们开始、持续和戒烟的原因复杂且往往不同。香烟广告常常迎合性别角色。然而，烟草控制政策往往忽视性别因素。本研究采用广泛的性别敏感框架，在西太平洋地区的四个国家探讨了这一矛盾。研究的第一部分讨论了围绕性别与烟草的问题，并分析了马来西亚和菲律宾的情况。第二部分涉及新加坡和越南。在所有四个国家，性别对于吸烟的开始和维持都很突出，在马来西亚和菲律宾，性别在香烟促销中具有高度显著性。然而，除了少数例外，性别在控制政策中基本未得到认可。第二部分提出了克服这一弱点以加强烟草控制的建议。
