Morkŭnas Gendrutis, Pilkyte Laima, Ereminas Darius
Radiation Protection Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2003;16(2):161-7.
In Lithuania the average annual effective dose due to cosmic radiation at the sea level is 0.38 mSv. The dose rate caused by cosmic radiation increases with altitude due to the decrease in attenuation of cosmic radiation by atmosphere. Dose rates at altitudes of commercial flights are tens times higher than those at the sea level. For this reason people who frequently fly receive higher doses which might even be subject to legal regulations. The European Council Directive (96/29/Euratom) on basic radiation safety standards requires that doses of aircrews members be assessed and the appropriate measures taken, depending on the assessment results.
The aim of this study was to evaluate potential doses, which can be received by members of aircrews of Lithuanian Airlines. The assessment was done by performing measurements and calculations.
Measurements were performed in flying aircrafts by thermoluminescent detectors, Geiger Muller counters and neutron rem counter. Such an approach lead to evaluation of doses due to directly ionizing particles and neutrons. Calculations were done with the help of the code CARI-6M. Such parameters as flight route, solar activity, duration and altitudes of flight were taken into account. Doses received during different flights and in different aircrafts were assessed. The results of measurements and calculations were compared and differences discussed. The results were also compared with the data obtained in other similar studies.
It was found that the highest doses are received in flights to Paris, London, Amsterdam, and Frankfurt by aircraft B737. A number of flights causing annual doses higher than 1 mSv was estimated.
Despite the fact that only European flights are operated by Lithuanian Airlines the dose of 1 mSv may be exceeded under some circumstances. If it happens some radiation protection measures shall be taken. These measures are also discussed.
在立陶宛，海平面处因宇宙辐射导致的年平均有效剂量为0.38毫希沃特。由于大气对宇宙辐射的衰减作用随海拔升高而降低，宇宙辐射引起的剂量率随海拔升高而增加。商业航班飞行高度处的剂量率比海平面处高几十倍。因此，频繁飞行的人会受到更高剂量的辐射，甚至可能受到法律法规的约束。欧洲理事会关于基本辐射安全标准的指令（96/29/Euratom）要求，根据评估结果，对机组人员的剂量进行评估并采取适当措施。
本研究的目的是评估立陶宛航空公司机组人员可能受到的潜在剂量。通过测量和计算进行评估。
在飞行中的飞机上使用热释光探测器、盖革-弥勒计数器和中子雷姆计数器进行测量。这种方法可以评估直接电离粒子和中子导致的剂量。借助CARI-6M代码进行计算。考虑了飞行路线、太阳活动、飞行持续时间和高度等参数。评估了不同航班和不同飞机上受到的剂量。比较了测量和计算结果，并讨论了差异。还将结果与其他类似研究获得的数据进行了比较。
发现乘坐B737飞机飞往巴黎、伦敦、阿姆斯特丹和法兰克福的航班受到的剂量最高。估计有一些航班导致的年剂量超过1毫希沃特。
尽管立陶宛航空公司只运营欧洲境内的航班，但在某些情况下仍可能超过1毫希沃特的剂量。如果发生这种情况，应采取一些辐射防护措施。还讨论了这些措施。
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