Baker Jeffrey P
Center for the Study of Medical Ethics and Humanities, Duke University, Box 3040 DUMC, Durham, NC, USA.
Vaccine. 2003 Sep 8;21(25-26):4003-10. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00302-5.
This historical essay analyzes the role played by Great Britain in the pertussis vaccine controversy of the 1970s and 1980s. Public backlash against this vaccine not only took place earlier in Britain than the United States, but also was so widespread that a series of whooping cough epidemics soon followed. As with the more recent dispute involving measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism, the United Kingdom played a primary role in defining, promoting, and ultimately exporting this controversy. This essay seeks to explain this phenomenon by situating it in Britain's long history of suspicion regarding vaccines evident among both the public and the medical profession, a theme dating back to the compulsory vaccination laws of the 19th century. It argues that anti-vaccinationism, far from being simply a new development related to the public's lack of awareness of childhood vaccine-preventable illness, actually represents a revival of a much older movement.
这篇历史论文分析了英国在20世纪70年代和80年代百日咳疫苗争议中所扮演的角色。公众对这种疫苗的强烈抵制不仅在英国比在美国更早发生，而且如此广泛，以至于随后很快出现了一系列百日咳疫情。与最近涉及麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹（MMR）疫苗和自闭症的争议一样，英国在界定、推动并最终输出这场争议方面发挥了主要作用。本文试图通过将这一现象置于英国公众和医学界长期以来对疫苗的怀疑历史中来解释，这一主题可追溯到19世纪的强制疫苗接种法。它认为，反疫苗接种主义远非仅仅是与公众对儿童疫苗可预防疾病缺乏认识相关的新发展，实际上代表了一场更为古老运动的复兴。
