Cherry J D
Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine 90095, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;174 Suppl 3:S259-63. doi: 10.1093/infdis/174.supplement_3.s259.
Pertussis is an epidemic disease caused by Bordetella pertussis and also to a lesser extent by Bordetella parapertussis. Classical illness lasts 4-8 weeks and is characterized by paroxysms of coughing with posttussive vomiting and whooping; however, 47.4% of primary infections last 4 weeks or less. Whole cell pertussis vaccines are generally highly efficacious. All whole cell vaccines are reactogenic, causing fever and local reactions in many vaccinees. In the past, these vaccines were thought to cause infant deaths and brain damage. However, several large epidemiologic studies indicate that whole cell vaccines do not cause infant deaths or neurologic disease. Recent studies indicate that neither immunization nor infection give long-term immunity. As a result, B. pertussis infections are endemic in adult populations. The future control of B. pertussis will require immunization schedules with new acellular vaccines that include booster doses in older children and adults.
百日咳是一种由百日咳博德特氏菌引起的流行病，较少程度上也可由副百日咳博德特氏菌引起。典型病程持续4至8周，其特征为阵发性咳嗽伴咳嗽后呕吐及哮吼；然而，47.4%的原发性感染持续4周或更短时间。全细胞百日咳疫苗通常高度有效。所有全细胞疫苗都有反应原性，会使许多接种者出现发热和局部反应。过去，这些疫苗被认为会导致婴儿死亡和脑损伤。然而，几项大型流行病学研究表明，全细胞疫苗不会导致婴儿死亡或神经疾病。近期研究表明，免疫接种和感染都不会提供长期免疫力。因此，百日咳博德特氏菌感染在成年人群中呈地方性流行。未来对百日咳博德特氏菌的控制将需要采用新的无细胞疫苗免疫接种计划，包括对大龄儿童和成年人进行加强接种。
