[GIS and RS determination of abiotic range of forest landscape distribution in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve].

Based on landscape classification of remote sensing data and spatial expression of environmental factors, the abiotic ranges of forest landscape distribution in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve were determined by using GIS. The results showed that the optimum elevation range of tundra, mountain birch forest, evergreen coniferous forest, and broad-leaved Korean pine forest were 1780-2212 m, 1705-1956 m, 1042-1625 m, and 823-1184 m, respectively. The corresponding optimum annual average temperature ranges were -4.75(-)-2.40 degrees C, -3.42(-)-2.07 degrees C, -1.49-1.39 degrees C, and 0.71-2.37 degrees C, and the optimum ranges of annual precipitation were 1034-1110 mm, 1014-1060 mm, 883-1017 mm, and 824-925 mm, respectively. The forest landscapes in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve were mainly distributed in flat and gentle areas. This distribution pattern was closely related to aspect. Tundra was almost evenly present in various aspects. In northern and northwestern direction, most forest landscapes were distributed, including mountain birch forest, evergreen coniferous forest, broad-leaved Korean pine forest, aspen and Betula forest. Most larch forest was in favor of northeastern direction with small amount facing eastern and northern way. Sparse forest briefly occupied west aspect with some orienting in southwest, northwest and south, while all wind-thrown areas were facing west, southwest and northwest aspects.