Kummar S, Shafi N Q
Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Cancer Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2003 Aug;15(5):288-94. doi: 10.1016/s0936-6555(03)00067-0.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with the highest incidence in regions with high prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis infection, especially hepatitis B infection. HCC commonly metastasises to lungs, lymph nodes, adrenal gland and bones, including the skull. The overall prognosis of patients with metastatic HCC is poor. Randomised clinical trials are needed, which evaluate new treatment strategies and stratify patients on the basis of recent staging criteria and known prognostic indicators. This review presents a case report that illustrates the distinctive pathological features of metastatic HCC, along with a brief review of pathological features, staging, treatment and prognosis.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见的癌症之一，在慢性病毒性肝炎感染高发地区，尤其是乙型肝炎感染地区发病率最高。HCC通常转移至肺、淋巴结、肾上腺和骨骼，包括颅骨。转移性HCC患者的总体预后较差。需要进行随机临床试验，以评估新的治疗策略，并根据最新的分期标准和已知的预后指标对患者进行分层。本综述呈现了一例病例报告，阐述了转移性HCC独特的病理特征，并简要回顾了其病理特征、分期、治疗及预后。
