Wang Hsiu-Hung, Wu Su-Zu, Liu Yea-Ying
College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2003 Jul;19(7):345-51. doi: 10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70436-X.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support and health outcome variables, and the effect size of social support on health outcomes. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize the primary studies identified initially from a computer search of the literature in Taiwan. Through preliminary screening related to the inclusion criteria, 165 dissertations and theses and 43 journal articles were included in this study. Finally, 182 primary studies, including 145 dissertations and theses and 37 journal articles, were retained after eliminating outliers of each outcome variable to achieve homogeneity. Based on Smith's four modes of health, 16 health outcome variables were used. Health status, physical symptoms and responses, psychologic symptoms and responses, and depression were categorized as clinical variables. Role function and behaviors and role burden were categorized as role-function variables. Physical adjustment, psychosocial adjustment, adjustment of life, coping behavior, and stress were categorized as adaptive variables. Health belief, health promotion behavior, quality of life, well-being, and self-actualization were categorized as eudemonistic variables. Other than physical adjustment, social support could significantly predict all health outcomes (p < 0.0001). The results provided information not only on the magnitude of the sample size required to achieve statistical significance between social support and each outcome variable as a measure of health in future studies, but also on strategies to guide further intervention programs and to evaluate their effectiveness.
本研究旨在探讨社会支持与健康结果变量之间的关系，以及社会支持对健康结果的效应大小。采用荟萃分析方法，对最初从台湾文献计算机检索中识别出的原始研究进行综合分析。通过与纳入标准相关的初步筛选，本研究纳入了165篇学位论文和43篇期刊文章。最后，在剔除每个结果变量的异常值以实现同质性后，保留了182项原始研究，其中包括145篇学位论文和37篇期刊文章。基于史密斯的四种健康模式，使用了16个健康结果变量。健康状况、身体症状及反应、心理症状及反应和抑郁被归类为临床变量。角色功能与行为以及角色负担被归类为角色功能变量。身体调整、心理社会调整、生活调整、应对行为和压力被归类为适应变量。健康信念、健康促进行为、生活质量、幸福感和自我实现被归类为幸福变量。除身体调整外，社会支持能显著预测所有健康结果（p < 0.0001）。研究结果不仅为未来研究中衡量健康时，社会支持与各结果变量之间达到统计学显著性所需的样本量大小提供了信息，还为指导进一步的干预项目及评估其有效性提供了策略。
